本文選題：試論 + 我國　； 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2003年碩士論文

【摘要】： 城市是人類社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)高度發(fā)達(dá)的產(chǎn)物，是人們經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化活動(dòng)的中心。進(jìn)入改革開放以后，我國制定了“控制大城市規(guī)模，合理發(fā)展中等城市，積極發(fā)展小城市”的城市發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略決策，從而開始加快了我國城市化的速度。20世紀(jì)90年代，城市的高度發(fā)展超過了任何時(shí)代。城市化的迅速發(fā)展使我國城市社區(qū)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，數(shù)量日益增多。然而，城市化進(jìn)程中也出現(xiàn)了許多社會(huì)問題，其中城市社區(qū)的犯罪問題尤為突出，城市社區(qū)犯罪率的上升已成為現(xiàn)代世界范圍內(nèi)的普遍現(xiàn)象。因此，在我國城市化進(jìn)程中，研究城市社區(qū)犯罪問題，有著十分重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文分為四大部分： 一、城市社區(qū)犯罪預(yù)防概述 社區(qū)是指進(jìn)行一定的活動(dòng)，具有某些互動(dòng)關(guān)系和共同生活維系力的人類生活群體及其活動(dòng)區(qū)域。社區(qū)概念被運(yùn)用于當(dāng)代中國社會(huì)，是由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變所帶來的社會(huì)體制所決定的。社區(qū)已成為把握當(dāng)代基層社會(huì)的重要概念。目前，城市社區(qū)的范圍一般是指經(jīng)過社區(qū)體制改革后做了規(guī)模調(diào)整的社區(qū)居委會(huì)轄區(qū)。在我國，沒有也不可能形成象西方那種獨(dú)特而集中的“犯罪社區(qū)”。但隨著社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和勞動(dòng)人事制度改革的不斷深入，城市社區(qū)的分化正和社會(huì)的貧富分化合流，使社區(qū)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生根本性的變化，由此可能使某些相對(duì)落后的社區(qū)中形成不良的社區(qū)環(huán)境，導(dǎo)致社區(qū)犯罪免疫系統(tǒng)功能弱化，社區(qū)內(nèi)犯罪因素急劇滋生，導(dǎo)致社區(qū)內(nèi)的犯罪率大大高于其他社區(qū)。如果管理不善，在我國城市化進(jìn)程中，城市社區(qū)出現(xiàn)環(huán)境不斷惡化的“犯罪社區(qū)”不是不可能的。我們必須加以預(yù)防和控制。 城市社區(qū)犯罪預(yù)防是預(yù)防、遏制和減少犯罪的重要手段和發(fā)展方向，是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程。城市社區(qū)犯罪預(yù)防形式多樣，其內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單的說就是預(yù)防社區(qū)內(nèi)各種違法犯罪的發(fā)生。社區(qū)預(yù)防的內(nèi)容從違法犯罪的主體角度可分為預(yù)防本社區(qū)成員內(nèi)的違法犯罪和預(yù)防外來人員的違法犯罪。城市社區(qū)犯罪預(yù)防的目的就是通過采取各種手段、措施和形式，減少城市社區(qū)違法犯罪的發(fā)生，促進(jìn)社區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)和強(qiáng)化城市社區(qū)成員的法律意識(shí)，從而提高公眾的安全感。“打防并舉、標(biāo)本兼治、重在治本”的方針既是我國社會(huì)治安綜合治理的工作方針，也是社區(qū) 中國政法大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文試論我國城市化進(jìn)程中城市社區(qū)犯罪的預(yù)防 犯罪預(yù)防的指導(dǎo)方針。 二、國外有關(guān)社區(qū)犯罪預(yù)防的理論研究概述 國外有關(guān)預(yù)防犯罪的理論研究二十世紀(jì)中葉后才得到重視和充分尊重。預(yù)防 犯罪的理論體系大致有三種，即兩層措施理論、三個(gè)層次理論和三種類型理論。 美國是西方發(fā)達(dá)國家中犯罪率最高的國家之一，美國對(duì)犯罪預(yù)防非常重視， 采取了一系列的措施以減少犯罪率和被害率。美國在犯罪預(yù)防領(lǐng)域的許多方面都 在西方國家起了帶頭作用。美國的預(yù)防犯罪體系是三個(gè)層次理論，第一個(gè)層次預(yù) 防是發(fā)現(xiàn)各種孕育犯罪的環(huán)境和機(jī)會(huì)來加以控制和改善;第二個(gè)層次預(yù)防是鑒別 潛在的罪犯和犯罪高發(fā)區(qū)并進(jìn)行早期干預(yù);第三個(gè)層次預(yù)防已經(jīng)犯罪的人員再次 犯罪。 英國首先有一個(gè)常設(shè)的全國預(yù)防犯罪理事會(huì)來鼓勵(lì)民間組織和個(gè)人采取措施 預(yù)防犯罪，其次有一個(gè)中央政府的政策分析和研究部門來研究和制定更一致和更 有效的預(yù)防犯罪政策。“預(yù)防犯罪”是對(duì)所有旨在增強(qiáng)安全和減少犯罪、粗暴和混 亂、對(duì)犯罪恐懼的措施的簡(jiǎn)稱。預(yù)防犯罪措施和范圍分為預(yù)防犯罪的對(duì)策、預(yù)防 犯罪行為的對(duì)策和預(yù)防特定環(huán)境中的犯罪的對(duì)策三類。 法國為了確保預(yù)防犯罪活動(dòng)取得實(shí)效，通過全國和地方各級(jí)預(yù)防犯罪委員會(huì) 簽定合同實(shí)施預(yù)防犯罪，這一做法被國際上譽(yù)為“法國模式”，對(duì)國際社會(huì)預(yù)防犯 罪的觀念和實(shí)踐產(chǎn)生了重大影響。 加拿大成立了國家預(yù)防犯罪委員會(huì)，作為政府在預(yù)防犯罪方面的顧問機(jī)構(gòu)從 事預(yù)防犯罪的研究，就預(yù)防犯罪的有關(guān)問題向政府提出建議。其工作重點(diǎn)是通過 社會(huì)發(fā)展預(yù)防犯罪和通過社區(qū)參與促進(jìn)社區(qū)安全。 日本是亞洲唯一的一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國家，其犯罪率在西方發(fā)達(dá)國家中幾乎是最低的， 即使在亞洲國家中也不是最高的。日本基本形成了一整套預(yù)防犯罪的組織體系， 在全國上下形成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)。日本的社區(qū)警務(wù)戰(zhàn)略較突出，預(yù)防犯罪的實(shí)際效果較明 顯，使日本始終處于西方發(fā)達(dá)國家犯罪率較低的水平。 聯(lián)合國對(duì)城市社區(qū)犯罪預(yù)防問題也非常重視，每五年舉行一屆聯(lián)合國預(yù)防犯 罪和罪犯待遇大會(huì)。其中1990年在古巴哈瓦納舉行的第八屆大會(huì)的主題是:“為 21世紀(jì)開展預(yù)防和刑事司法國際合作”，大會(huì)通過的《綜合性預(yù)防犯罪措施匯編》 第三節(jié)就是預(yù)防犯罪的社區(qū)措施;2000年在奧地利維也納舉行的第十屆預(yù)防犯罪 和罪犯待遇大會(huì)上舉辦了四個(gè)講習(xí)班，其中之一就是社區(qū)犯罪問題講習(xí)班。 三、我國城市化進(jìn)程中城市社區(qū)犯罪的狀況分析 建國以來，我國城市化進(jìn)程分為三個(gè)階段，一是城市化起步階段(1950年一 中國政法大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文試論我國城市化進(jìn)程中城市社區(qū)犯罪的預(yù)防 1%0年);二是城市化的停滯階段(1960年一1977年);三是城市化的迅速發(fā)展階 段(1978年至今)①。通過對(duì)建國以來我國城市化進(jìn)程
[Abstract]:City is the product of the highly developed social economy and the center of people's economic, political and cultural activities. After entering the reform and opening up, China has formulated the strategic decision of "controlling the size of the big cities, developing the medium-sized cities reasonably, developing the small cities actively", which began to speed up the speed of urbanization in China for the 90 years of the 90 years. With the rapid development of the city, the rapid development of the city has made the scale of urban community expanding and increasing in China. However, many social problems have appeared in the process of urbanization, among which the crime of urban communities is particularly prominent, and the rise of urban community crime rate has become a universal universal. Therefore, in the process of urbanization in China, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the problem of urban community crime.
This article is divided into four parts:
First, an overview of urban community crime prevention
Community refers to the human living groups and their areas of activities that carry out certain activities, have certain interactive relations and maintain the strength of common life. The concept of community is used in Contemporary Chinese society, which is determined by the social system brought about by the transformation of planned economy to the market economy. The community has become an important concept to grasp the contemporary grass-roots society. Before, the scope of the urban community generally refers to the community neighborhood committee area that has been reformed after the reform of the community system. In our country, it is impossible to form a unique and concentrated "criminal community" like the West. However, with the development of the socialist market economy and the continuous deepening of the reform of the labor and personnel system, the differentiation of urban communities The gap between the poor and the rich in society is making a fundamental change in the community environment, which may lead to the formation of a bad community environment in some relatively backward communities, which leads to the weakening of the function of the community's criminal immune system, the rapid growth of criminal factors within the community, and the rate of crime in the community is much higher than that in other communities. In the process of urbanization, it is not impossible for urban communities to have a "crime community" with deteriorating environment. We must prevent and control them.
The prevention of urban community crime is an important means and development direction of prevention, containment and reduction of crime. It is a complex systematic project. The prevention of crime in urban community is diversified. Its content is simple to prevent the occurrence of all kinds of illegal crimes in the community. The content of community prevention can be divided into the prevention of the community from the perspective of the subject of the crime. The purpose of urban community crime prevention is to reduce the occurrence of illegal crimes in urban communities by means of various means, measures and forms, to promote the development of community economy, to cultivate and strengthen the legal consciousness of the members of the urban community, so as to improve the sense of security of the public. The principle of "tackling both the root cause and the root cause" is not only the guideline for the comprehensive administration of public order in our country, but also the community.
China University of Political Science and Law master's degree thesis on prevention of urban community crime in the process of urbanization in China
Guidelines for the prevention of crime.
Two, theoretical research on community crime prevention abroad.
The theoretical research on crime prevention abroad only received attention and full respect in the middle of twentieth Century.
There are basically three theoretical systems of crime: two level measure theory, three level theory and three types of theories.
The United States is one of the countries with the highest crime rate in the western developed countries. The United States attaches great importance to crime prevention.
A series of measures have been adopted to reduce crime rate and victimization rate.
The crime prevention system in the United States is the three level theory. The first level is the first level.
Prevention is to discover various environments and opportunities to control and improve the crime. The second level is to identify prevention.
Potential criminals and high incidence areas of crime and early intervention; third levels to prevent those who have committed crimes again.
Crime.
First, there is a permanent National Crime Prevention Council in the UK to encourage non-governmental organizations and individuals to take measures.
Crime prevention is followed by a central government policy analysis and research department to study and formulate more consistent and more
Effective crime prevention policy. "Crime prevention" is for all purposes aimed at enhancing safety and reducing crime.
The measures and scope of crime prevention are divided into preventive measures and prevention.
The Countermeasures for crimes and three kinds of countermeasures to prevent crimes in specific circumstances.
In order to ensure effective results in preventing crime, France adopted national and local crime prevention committees at all levels.
Signing a contract to prevent crime is internationally known as the "French model", which is a preventive measure against the international community.
The concept and practice of crime have a major impact.
Canada has established the national crime prevention Commission as a consultant agency for crime prevention in the government.
The study of crime prevention has made recommendations to the government on issues related to crime prevention.
Social development prevents crime and promotes community security through community participation.
Japan is the only developed country in Asia. Its crime rate is almost the lowest in the western developed countries.
Even in the Asian countries, it is not the highest. Japan has basically formed a set of anti crime organization system.
There is a network in the whole country. The community policing strategy in Japan is more prominent, and the actual effect of crime prevention is more obvious.
Obviously, Japan has always been in a low crime rate in the western developed countries.
The United Nations also attaches great importance to the prevention of urban community crime. Every five years a United Nations preventive offender is held.
The theme of the Eighth Plenary Session of the year 1990 held in the city of Cuba is:
"International cooperation in prevention and criminal justice" was launched in twenty-first Century. The comprehensive crime prevention measures compiled by the general assembly.
The third section is community measures to prevent crime; the tenth crime prevention held in Vienna, Austria in 2000.
Four workshops were held at the conference on offenders' treatment, one of which is the workshop on community crime.
Three, the situation of urban community crime in the process of urbanization in China.
Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the process of urbanization in China has been divided into three stages, one is the initial stage of urbanization (1950).
China University of Political Science and Law master's degree thesis on prevention of urban community crime in the process of urbanization in China
1%0); two is the stagnation stage of urbanization (1977 1960); and three is the rapid development stage of urbanization.
Paragraph (1978 to date). The process of urbanization in China since the founding of the people's Republic of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號(hào)】：D917.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 楊艷莉;昆明市社區(qū)警務(wù)建設(shè)模式研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2009年

2 馮贊;哈爾濱市社區(qū)青少年犯罪預(yù)防措施研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2007437