本文選題：被害預防 + 個體�。� 參考：《蘭州大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 傳統(tǒng)的犯罪預防大都以犯罪人為核心展開，力圖以懲罰犯罪人進而改造犯罪人或減少犯罪行為以期達到預防犯罪的目的。而新一輪犯罪高峰的出現(xiàn)及居高不下的重犯率表明預防的效果并不理想�，F(xiàn)代犯罪被害人學研究表明，要真正實現(xiàn)減少社會的犯罪，僅僅從犯罪人和潛在犯罪人這一角度考慮是不夠的。因為犯罪人和被害人之間不是一種簡單的侵害與被侵害、主動與被動的靜態(tài)關系，而是一種動態(tài)的、互相影響、彼此作用的互動關系。被害人自身方面存在的某些容易招致犯罪侵害的因素對于犯罪的發(fā)生具有極為重要的影響，消除或減少這些因素能夠更有效地減少犯罪。本文通過對被害人的受害性、過錯責任等的分析，結(jié)合當前治安實踐中大部分社會成員對個體被害預防問題上表現(xiàn)出的知識的匱乏和認識的混亂以及部分公共管理部門對私權利保護的無奈與缺位等現(xiàn)狀提出，既然每個社會成員都是“潛在的被害人”，而預防犯罪的責任完全由國家和專業(yè)力量完全承擔不現(xiàn)實，而且從實際情況看，改變被害人或潛在被害人的行為習慣和一些不良生活方式，比改變犯罪人或潛在犯罪人的行為要容易得多。因此，打破傳統(tǒng)犯罪預防模式的一統(tǒng)天下，把個體被害預防納入犯罪對策體系中，犯罪預防的重心逐漸從預防犯罪轉(zhuǎn)向預防被害就顯得非常有必要。當前我們可從個體被害人入手，通過被害預防教育，塑造和強化個體被害預防意識，加強對個體預防知識的傳授和防護技能的培養(yǎng)，讓個體學會在被害預防中的自救與情景周旋，結(jié)合相關部門應對治安相關信息通報和公開和個體被害防護器械和安全設備推廣、應用以及對被害人過錯責任分析，建立被害人補償制度和被害人法律援助制度等措施實現(xiàn)個體被害預防。總之，犯罪與被害是相互的，單純力圖通過改變犯罪人以期達到預防犯罪或單純以強調(diào)被害預防以減少犯罪都是片面的，如果僅僅強調(diào)其中的某一方面而忽視另一方面，其犯罪預防的效果都是極為有限的。所以我們應從預防犯罪和預防被害兩方面入手，同時加大力度，針對我國當前治安現(xiàn)狀中存在的問題，在大力倡導被害預防尤其是在個體被害預防的同時，，加強情景預防，以社會預防為目標，司法預防為犯罪預防的最后一道防線，構建犯罪預防的有機體系，全面做好犯罪預防工作。
[Abstract]:The traditional crime prevention takes the criminal as the core, trying to punish the criminal and then to reform the criminal or reduce the criminal behavior in order to achieve the purpose of crime prevention. The emergence of a new round of crime peak and the high rate of recidivism indicate that the effect of prevention is not satisfactory. Modern crime victim studies show that it is not enough to consider only the criminal and the potential criminal in order to reduce the crime in society. This is because the relationship between the criminal and the victim is not a kind of simple infringing and infringing, active and passive static relationship, but a dynamic, interactive and interactive relationship. Some factors which are easy to cause crime on the victim's own side have an extremely important influence on the occurrence of the crime. Eliminating or reducing these factors can reduce the crime more effectively. In this paper, the victim's victimization, fault liability and so on are analyzed. Combined with the lack of knowledge and confusion of understanding of most social members in the current public security practice, and the helplessness and lack of protection of private rights of some public administration departments, Since every member of society is a "potential victim" and the responsibility for crime prevention lies entirely with the State and professional forces, and in the light of the actual situation, It is much easier to change the behavior of the victim or potential victim and some bad lifestyle than to change the behavior of the offender or potential offender. Therefore, it is necessary to break the traditional mode of crime prevention and bring the prevention of individual victimization into the system of crime countermeasures. The focus of crime prevention is gradually shifting from crime prevention to prevention of victimization. At present, we can start with individual victims, through victim prevention education, mold and strengthen the awareness of individual victim prevention, and strengthen the imparting of individual prevention knowledge and the cultivation of protection skills. Let individuals learn how to save themselves and deal with situations in the prevention of victimization, and combine the relevant departments with the publicity and publicity of public information and the promotion, application and analysis of the fault liability of victims, as well as the promotion, application and application of public and individual victimized protective devices and safety equipment. Measures such as victim compensation system and victim legal aid system should be established to prevent individual victimization. In short, crime and victimization are mutually reinforcing, and it is one-sided to try to reduce crime simply by changing the perpetrator with a view to achieving crime prevention or simply by emphasizing the prevention of victimization, if only one aspect of the crime is emphasized and the other is ignored, Its crime prevention effect is extremely limited. Therefore, we should start from the two aspects of crime prevention and victimization prevention. At the same time, we should increase our efforts to strengthen situational prevention in view of the problems existing in the current security situation in our country, and vigorously advocate the prevention of victimization, especially in the case of individual victims, at the same time. Taking social prevention as the goal, judicial prevention is the last line of defense of crime prevention, the organic system of crime prevention is constructed, and crime prevention work is done well.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D917.6;D631.4

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 童軍;湖南省X市犯罪被害現(xiàn)象實證調(diào)查及對策研究[D];湘潭大學;2011年

本文編號：1905285