本文選題：社區(qū)矯正 + 立法考察��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展、人類文明的進(jìn)步,世界各國在懲治犯罪方面也在不斷進(jìn)行著刑罰制度的改革和創(chuàng)新,嘗試用最人性化、最積極有效的方式處理犯罪和罪犯。社區(qū)矯正作為一項(xiàng)刑罰制度改革的產(chǎn)物,是一種以社會(huì)參與的非監(jiān)禁形式對(duì)罪犯執(zhí)行刑罰的制裁措施,也是目前在國際社會(huì)中得到快速發(fā)展的刑罰措施。這一刑罰措施是刑罰執(zhí)行制度由嚴(yán)趨寬的國際行刑趨勢的體現(xiàn),在促進(jìn)罪犯回歸社會(huì)、減輕監(jiān)獄經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力、避免罪犯交叉感染、合理配置行刑資源、維護(hù)社會(huì)治安和良好秩序等方面都起到了積極的作用。 美國、英國、日本、德國等國家在刑事立法和司法中已經(jīng)確立了社區(qū)矯正法律制度。這一制度不斷發(fā)展和完善,成為目前有法律明確規(guī)定、適用刑種多樣、有專門機(jī)構(gòu)和人員進(jìn)行管理監(jiān)督、有關(guān)社會(huì)組織參與、矯正措施規(guī)范、行刑效果理想的較為完備的法律制度。這些國家在社區(qū)矯正制度中確立的保護(hù)公眾的安全和利益、矯正和適當(dāng)懲罰相結(jié)合、注重犯罪對(duì)受害者的傷害和影響、使犯罪重新再社會(huì)化及預(yù)防和減少重新違法犯罪等矯正原則,備受世界各國刑事司法界的認(rèn)可和推崇。 2002年,我國開始了社區(qū)矯正的試點(diǎn)探索工作。經(jīng)過幾年的努力,目前我國的社區(qū)矯正試點(diǎn)工作已經(jīng)開展得頗有成效。但是隨著我國社區(qū)矯正實(shí)踐的深入,目前社區(qū)矯正試點(diǎn)的工作規(guī)范與刑事法律規(guī)定之間存在的矛盾和沖突逐漸顯露。這些矛盾和沖突,與行刑社會(huì)化的發(fā)展趨勢及我國社區(qū)矯正制度的科學(xué)發(fā)展的要求是相背離的,而解決這些矛盾和沖突的最根本辦法就是通過借鑒國外和我國港臺(tái)地區(qū)社區(qū)矯正相關(guān)立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),同時(shí)結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)在的社區(qū)矯正實(shí)行情況,制定出一部符合我國法制特色的《社區(qū)矯正法》,給我國的社區(qū)矯正工作提供法律依據(jù)和正確的方向性引導(dǎo)。 全文除了引言和結(jié)語以外,共分為四個(gè)部分,計(jì)3萬余字。 一、社區(qū)矯正基本理論概述。該部分主要介紹社區(qū)矯正的概念、特征及理論依據(jù)。社區(qū)矯正的出現(xiàn)及發(fā)展是與客觀社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定關(guān)系的結(jié)果。不同層面以及不同領(lǐng)域的理論學(xué)說和思想觀念在不同時(shí)期、不同國家先后為社區(qū)矯正的實(shí)踐提供了理論支撐,同時(shí)這些理論和學(xué)說一旦產(chǎn)生之后又相互影響,彼此作用,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了社區(qū)矯正的合理性根基。在眾多相關(guān)理論學(xué)說中,本文歸納出了復(fù)歸理論、恢復(fù)性司法理念、行刑社會(huì)化理論、行刑經(jīng)濟(jì)化理念等幾種對(duì)社區(qū)矯正影響較大的理論學(xué)說。筆者在此基礎(chǔ)上從倫理基礎(chǔ)和學(xué)理基礎(chǔ)出發(fā),提出了關(guān)于社區(qū)矯正理論依據(jù)的觀點(diǎn)和看法。關(guān)于“社區(qū)矯正”的定義,不同國家及不同學(xué)者對(duì)此有著不同的理解和界定,大體包括刑事執(zhí)行活動(dòng)說、行刑方式說、處遇說和刑種說。本文在將社區(qū)矯正的各種定義作出綜合分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合社區(qū)矯正的具體作用得出贊同社區(qū)矯正處遇說的觀點(diǎn),并提出了社區(qū)矯正的“獨(dú)特魅力”所在,即其性質(zhì)的雙重性、功能的復(fù)合性、程度的緩和性和相應(yīng)性及過程的社區(qū)參與性這四方面的特征。 二、國外和我國港臺(tái)地區(qū)社區(qū)矯正的立法考察。該部分主要對(duì)國外和我國港臺(tái)地區(qū)社區(qū)矯正的立法形式及法律制度相關(guān)內(nèi)容、特點(diǎn)作了一個(gè)介紹和分析。社區(qū)矯正雖然起源于英美法系國家,但是其輕刑化、人性化的特點(diǎn)也受到了大陸法系國家的青睞。本文將美國、日本作為英美法系國家和大陸法系國家的代表,從社區(qū)矯正法律規(guī)范形式、內(nèi)容、特點(diǎn)等幾方面對(duì)這兩國的社區(qū)矯正立法情況做了一個(gè)全面的考察。我國港臺(tái)地區(qū)作為中國的一部分,其社區(qū)矯正工作開展得相對(duì)比較成熟,對(duì)我國港臺(tái)地區(qū)社區(qū)矯正立法情況的考察對(duì)于我國社區(qū)矯正立法工作來說有著非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)借鑒意義。筆者在該部分的最后將我國境外社區(qū)矯正立法的表現(xiàn)形式以及其法律規(guī)范所呈現(xiàn)出的共性特征做了一個(gè)歸納和總結(jié),以便于對(duì)我國社區(qū)矯正的立法工作提供參考作用。 三、我國現(xiàn)行社區(qū)矯正制度考察。該部分主要介紹我國社區(qū)矯正規(guī)范的表現(xiàn)形式及其主要內(nèi)容,并提出了我國社區(qū)矯正制度存在的主要問題。雖然社區(qū)矯正已經(jīng)在我國很多省市地區(qū)如火如荼的開展起來,但是我國社區(qū)矯正仍然處于一個(gè)試點(diǎn)的階段。隨著各省市地區(qū)試點(diǎn)工作的逐步成熟以及其他試點(diǎn)省市地區(qū)的增加,社區(qū)矯正的普及已經(jīng)是一個(gè)必然的趨勢。本文對(duì)我國社區(qū)矯正的現(xiàn)行規(guī)范文件(包括全國性規(guī)范文件和地方性規(guī)范文件)在定義、適用范圍、執(zhí)行主體、主要措施、實(shí)施程序這幾方面的規(guī)定做了一個(gè)全面的概括,并針對(duì)現(xiàn)行規(guī)范的實(shí)際情況指出了在社區(qū)矯正法制建設(shè)的過程中所存在的如矯正種類較少、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)體系不完備、缺乏矯正對(duì)象的權(quán)利保障機(jī)制等問題。 四、我國社區(qū)矯正的立法構(gòu)想。該部分在闡述了我國社區(qū)矯正立法必要性的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了我國《社區(qū)矯正法》的基本框架。針對(duì)本文第三部分指出的有關(guān)法律缺失的問題,該部分對(duì)我國社區(qū)矯正的法制建設(shè)作出了一個(gè)大膽的構(gòu)想。通過對(duì)我國社區(qū)矯正立法是否必要的分析以及我國社區(qū)矯正立法形式的選擇,本文提出了制定《社區(qū)矯正法》的立法構(gòu)想,對(duì)《社區(qū)矯正法》的體系提出了框架性的建構(gòu)意見。《社區(qū)矯正法》大體上分為六個(gè)部分,包括了有著大綱作用的總則部分、關(guān)于機(jī)構(gòu)體系設(shè)置的社區(qū)矯正的機(jī)構(gòu)、組織、人員及職責(zé)部分、關(guān)于社區(qū)矯正具體工作程序構(gòu)建的社區(qū)矯正的實(shí)施程序部分、社區(qū)矯正的措施和矯正對(duì)象的管理部分、針對(duì)社區(qū)矯正工作人員及機(jī)構(gòu)相應(yīng)管理措施及對(duì)社區(qū)矯正工作人員的權(quán)力限制的社區(qū)矯正工作的管理部分和最后的附則部分。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times and the progress of human civilization, all countries in the world are constantly carrying out the reform and innovation of the punishment system, trying to deal with crime and criminals in the most humanized, most active and effective way. As a product of the reform of the penalty system, community correction is a kind of non imprisonment form in the form of social participation. The sanction measures for the execution of the penalty are also the rapid development of the penalty measures in the international community. This penalty measure is the embodiment of the strict and wider trend of international punishment in the execution of the penalty system, to promote the return of the criminal to the society, to reduce the pressure on the prison economy, to avoid the offender to cross the infection, to allocate the execution resources rationally and to maintain the public order. And good order has played a positive role.
The legal system of community correction has been established in the criminal legislation and judicature of the United States, Britain, Japan, Germany and other countries. This system has been developed and perfected. It has become a clear regulation of the law. It is applicable to various kinds of punishment, specialized agencies and personnel for management and supervision, the participation of social organizations, the standardization of corrective measures, and the ideal execution effect. A relatively complete legal system. These countries have been recognized in the community correction system for the protection of the public's safety and interests, the combination of correction and appropriate punishment, the harm and influence of crime on the victims, the re socialization of crime, the prevention and reduction of the correction of the re law, and the recognition of the criminal judicial circle of the countries of the world. And respected.
In 2002, our country began the pilot exploration of community correction. After several years of efforts, our country's community correction pilot work has been carried out quite well. However, with the deepening of the practice of community correction in our country, the contradictions and conflicts between the work norms of community correction pilot and the criminal law regulations have gradually revealed. Some contradictions and conflicts are deviated from the development trend of the socialization of execution and the scientific development of the community correction system in our country. The most fundamental way to solve these contradictions and conflicts is to learn from the relevant legislative experiences of the community correction in the Hong Kong and Taiwan areas abroad and in our country, and to combine the implementation of the current community correction in our country. A community correction law, which is consistent with the characteristics of our legal system, has been set up to provide legal basis and correct direction guidance for community correction work in China.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the article is divided into four parts, accounting for over 3 words.
First, a summary of the basic theory of community correction. This part mainly introduces the concept, characteristics and theoretical basis of community correction. The emergence and development of community correction is the result of maintaining a stable relationship with the objective society. The theories and ideas of different levels and different fields are in different periods, and the different countries have successively put forward the practice of community correction. It is provided with theoretical support. At the same time, once these theories and theories are produced, they influence each other and interact with each other, and further strengthen the rationalization foundation of community correction. In many related theories, this paper sums up the theory of return, the concept of restorative justice, the theory of socialization of execution, the concept of the economy of execution and so on. On this basis, the author puts forward the views and views on the theoretical basis of community correction on the basis of ethical basis and academic basis. The definition of "community correction" has different understandings and definitions from different countries and scholars, including the theory of criminal execution, the way of execution, and the discussion and discussion. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of various definitions of community correction, based on the comprehensive analysis of various definitions of community correction, combining the specific role of community correction, this paper comes up with the views of the community correction department, and puts forward the "unique charm" of community correction, namely the dual nature of its nature, the complex of function, the moderation of the degree and the corresponding process of the community. The characteristics of the four aspects of district participation.
Two, the legislative investigation of community correction in foreign countries and China's Hong Kong and Taiwan areas. This part mainly introduces and analyses the legislative forms and legal system related contents and characteristics of community correction in foreign countries and China's Hong Kong and Taiwan areas. Although community correction originated in Anglo American law countries, its light punishment and humanization are also subject to the continental law. This article takes the United States and Japan as the representative of the common law countries and the civil law countries, and makes a comprehensive survey on the legislative situation of community correction in the two countries from the aspects of the legal norms, contents and characteristics of the community correction. As part of China, the Hong Kong and Taiwan region has carried out its community correction work. To be more mature, the investigation of the legislative situation of community correction in Hong Kong and Taiwan area has a very important practical significance for our community correction legislation. At the end of this part, the author makes a summary and general characteristics of the manifestations of the legislation of Chinese overseas community correction and the general characteristics of its legal norms. It will provide a reference for the legislative work of community correction in China.
Three, the investigation of the current community correction system in China. This part mainly introduces the forms and main contents of our community correction standard, and puts forward the main problems of the community correction system in China. Although community correction has been carried out in full swing in many provinces and municipalities in China, community correction in China is still in one. With the gradual maturity of the pilot work in various provinces and regions and the increase of other pilot provinces and municipalities, the popularization of community correction is an inevitable trend. This article defines the current standard documents (including national standard documents and local standard documents) in our community correction, the scope of application and the main executive subject. Measures, the implementation procedures of these aspects of the provisions of a comprehensive summary, and according to the actual situation of the current norms of the legal construction of community correction in the process of construction, such as less correction, the implementation of the system is not complete, the lack of right to correct the rights of the protection mechanism and other problems.
Four, the legislative conception of community correction in our country. On the basis of the necessity of the community correction legislation in our country, this part puts forward the basic framework of the law of community correction in our country. In view of the problems related to the lack of law in the third part of this article, this part has made a bold conception of the legal construction of our community correction. The necessary analysis of the community correction legislation in China and the choice of the legislative form of community correction in our country, this paper puts forward the legislative idea of establishing the law of the community correction law, and puts forward a frame construction opinion on the system of the community correction law. The law of community correction is divided into six parts, including the general principles with the function of the outline. The organization, organization, personnel and responsibility part of the community correction system set up by the institutional system, the implementation procedures of community correction, the measures of community correction and the management of the corrected objects, and the corresponding management measures for the community correctional staff and institutions and the rights to the community correctional workers. The management part and the last supplementary part of the limited community correction work.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D926.8

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 何蓉;試論我國的社區(qū)矯正制度[D];蘇州大學(xué);2011年

2 吳燕珊;論我國社區(qū)矯正工作存在的法律問題及對(duì)策[D];中國政法大學(xué);2011年

3 牛守強(qiáng);律師與社區(qū)矯正[D];中國政法大學(xué);2010年

4 郭振東;社區(qū)矯正現(xiàn)狀與對(duì)策研究[D];華南理工大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1773921