本文選題：筆跡鑒定　切入點(diǎn)：書寫習(xí)慣　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)的筆跡學(xué)理論揭示出人的書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣具有特殊性、穩(wěn)定性和反映性,對(duì)書寫人的同一認(rèn)定,是通過對(duì)個(gè)體書寫習(xí)慣“總和”的比較進(jìn)行的。然而,實(shí)踐和研究表明,個(gè)體的書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣可能存在多個(gè)類型,通過少量的鑒定字跡來(lái)識(shí)別個(gè)體的全部書寫習(xí)慣的“總和”缺乏邏輯依據(jù),書寫人同一認(rèn)定需要對(duì)具體書寫動(dòng)作系統(tǒng)所反映出的書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類型加以判斷和區(qū)分。 書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣的類型,是指書寫人練習(xí)不同的書體、字體等字跡書寫技能而形成的相對(duì)獨(dú)立的且有明顯不同的書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣表現(xiàn)形式。漢字的書寫體系和書寫規(guī)則具有較大的寬容性和多樣性,書寫人出于審美喜好,往往練就特性差異較大的多種書寫技能,不同技能的書寫動(dòng)作系統(tǒng)承載著不同的書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類型。一個(gè)人可以同時(shí)擁有多種不同類型的書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣,且只要給予適當(dāng)?shù)摹凹庸叹毩?xí)”以避免習(xí)慣的退化,不同類型的書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間持續(xù)共存,具有相對(duì)的穩(wěn)定性。 書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類型的多樣性可以分為相對(duì)獨(dú)立的書寫習(xí)慣類型多樣性和同一書寫習(xí)慣類型下書寫習(xí)慣局部方面的類型多樣性。不同書寫習(xí)慣類型的字跡之間是既存在差異又存在共性的關(guān)系:兩者在字跡的運(yùn)筆、筆順、結(jié)構(gòu)等筆跡特征方面可能存在較大差異,因而相互之間可比性可能較差;但相比于不同個(gè)體間的書寫習(xí)慣本質(zhì)性差異,同一人的多種書寫習(xí)慣類型間又存在一定的共性,相互聯(lián)系。不同的書寫習(xí)慣類型之間的差異程度有所不同,相互間的可比性亦有所差別。 通過檢材字跡自身變化規(guī)律的尋找,或檢材字跡與樣本字跡的相互比較印證,可以判定筆跡特征差異點(diǎn)是否來(lái)自同一人書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類型的多樣性,并與偽裝、摹仿、反映性變化導(dǎo)致的特征差異相區(qū)別。應(yīng)注意具體的習(xí)慣類型樣式所引起的筆跡特征差異在特征種類上有所側(cè)重,具體案件具體分析。其中,簽名字跡因字?jǐn)?shù)少、書寫頻率高、樣式多變而成為書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類型多樣化程度最高的單字集合,因而對(duì)簽名筆跡特征差異點(diǎn)的評(píng)斷應(yīng)特別注意判斷是否存在書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類型多樣性。 為了使書寫動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類型的判斷和筆跡特征差異點(diǎn)的評(píng)斷有根有據(jù),要求筆跡鑒定樣本字跡在“書寫時(shí)間、字跡結(jié)構(gòu)樣式、書寫速度、書寫工具、書寫環(huán)境和姿勢(shì)”等方面與檢材字跡相同或近似。并且在鑒定的工程中應(yīng)充分考慮到書寫習(xí)慣類型多樣性的可能,對(duì)多樣性的確認(rèn)和排除依據(jù)做出充分的說(shuō)明,才能科學(xué)合理、令人信服的得出鑒定意見。
[Abstract]:The traditional theory of handwriting reveals that one's writing habits are of particularity, stability and reflection. The identification of the same person is carried out through the comparison of the "summation" of individual writing habits. However, practice and research show that, There may be multiple types of individual writing habits, and there is no logical basis for identifying the totality of individual writing habits by a small amount of handwriting identification. It is necessary to judge and distinguish the types of writing habits reflected by the specific writing action system. The type of writing action habit refers to the writer practicing different types of writing. The writing system and rules of Chinese characters are relatively tolerant and diverse, and the writers are interested in aesthetics, because of the relatively independent and distinct forms of writing habits formed by writing skills such as typeface, font and other handwriting skills, and the writing system and rules of Chinese characters are more tolerant and diverse. The writing action system of different skills carries different types of writing habits. A person can have many different types of writing habits at the same time. As long as appropriate "reinforcement exercises" are given to avoid the deterioration of habits, different writing habits can coexist continuously for a long time and have relative stability. The diversity of the types of writing habits can be divided into relatively independent types of writing habits and the diversity of local aspects of writing habits under the same type of writing habits. There is both a difference and a common relationship: the two move the pen in the handwriting, There may be great differences in handwriting characteristics, such as stroke sequence and structure, so the comparability between them may be poor, but compared with the essential differences of writing habits among different individuals, there are some commonalities among the different types of writing habits of the same person. Different types of writing habits are different in degree and comparability. By searching for the changing rules of the handwriting itself, or by comparing the handwriting with the sample handwriting, we can determine whether the differences in handwriting characteristics come from the diversity of the types of writing habits of the same person, and mimic and mimic the writing habits of the same person. It is necessary to pay attention to the differences in handwriting characteristics caused by specific habit types, and to analyze the specific cases. Among them, the number of signatures is small, and the writing frequency is high. Because of the variety of styles and the highest degree of diversity in the types of writing action habits, the judgement of the differences in signature handwriting features should pay special attention to judge whether there is a diversity of writing action habits. In order to judge the type of writing action habit and judge the difference point of handwriting characteristics, the handwriting identification sample handwriting is required to be "writing time, handwriting structure style, writing speed, writing tools," The writing environment and posture "are the same or similar to the handwriting of the material, and the possibility of diversity of writing habits should be fully taken into account in the appraisal project, and the confirmation and exclusion basis of the diversity can be scientifically and reasonably explained." A convincing appraisal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D918.92

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本文編號(hào)：1670934