【摘要】：在我國農村,作物秸稈曾經是一種重要的生產和生活資料。農民會將大部分秸稈從田地中收集堆放,以備它用。隨著我國農村經濟的發(fā)展和能源結構的變化,秸稈的原有用途在不斷弱化,農民對秸稈的處置方式也在發(fā)生轉變,傾向于簡單焚燒。大規(guī)模的農村露天焚燒秸稈行為嚴重超出了環(huán)境的承載能力。當前,我國正處于轉型期,環(huán)境問題頻發(fā),人們的環(huán)境意識不斷增強,對環(huán)境質量的要求越來越高。因此,農村露天焚燒秸稈的行為引起很多社會爭議。早在1999年國家就出臺了相關規(guī)定對農村露天焚燒秸稈的行為進行治理,但收效甚微。夏收、秋收季節(jié),焚燒秸稈的行為仍會頻頻發(fā)生,甚至呈現越禁越燒的勢頭。本文從環(huán)境正義的基本訴求出發(fā),承認環(huán)境利益的共享和環(huán)境責任的共擔。以此為視角,對農村露天焚燒秸稈行為的實質以及其原因進行探究。屢禁不止的農村露天焚燒秸稈行為折射出了許多社會現實問題,也暴露出在目前治理秸稈焚燒行為過程中的諸多弊端。焚燒秸稈行為的實施主體是農民,但并非農民所愿,是農民迫于無奈而做出的基于自身利益最大化的現實選擇。環(huán)境正義的實質是社會正義,這也決定了發(fā)生在環(huán)境領域內的農民露天焚燒秸稈行為的解決終歸要回歸到社會范疇中去解決。僅僅依靠“禁”并不能杜絕農民露天焚燒秸稈的行為,我們需要認真反思“堵”與“疏”的關系。我們要積極挖掘秸稈資源方面的潛在價值,為秸稈尋找綜合利用的途徑。一方面,要分析現有秸稈利用技術手段和裝備的使用狀況,構建秸稈的技術治理支撐體系。另一方面,要積極構建秸稈處理的資金補貼機制、秸稈處理市場服務機制、秸稈處理應用宣傳和技術培訓機制以及法律保障體系,加強社會倫理治理,實現社會正義。利用社會倫理治理與技術治理相結合的模式來解決秸稈過剩的現實問題,將秸稈轉化為農民能夠看得見的經濟效益。如此以來,通過社會正義、技術正義來實現環(huán)境正義,農民露天焚燒秸稈的行為才能得到根治。將秸稈資源融入到農業(yè)經濟的循環(huán)利用中,避免資源浪費,從而實現環(huán)境效益、經濟效益和社會效益的有機統(tǒng)一,對于我國快速實現農業(yè)現代化以及生態(tài)化的目標來講意義重大。
[Abstract]:In rural China, crop straw was once an important means of production and livelihood. Farmers collect most of the straw from their fields for their use. With the development of rural economy and the change of energy structure, the original use of straw is weakening, and the disposal mode of straw is changing, which tends to burn simply. Large-scale open-air burning of straw in rural areas seriously exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment. At present, our country is in the transition period, environmental problems occur frequently, people's environmental consciousness is increasing, and the requirement of environmental quality is higher and higher. Therefore, the open burning of straw in rural areas caused a lot of social controversy. As early as 1999, the state issued relevant regulations to control the open burning of straw in rural areas, but with little effect. Summer harvest, autumn harvest, the behavior of burning straw will occur frequently, and even show the trend of burning more and more. Based on the basic demands of environmental justice, this paper acknowledges the sharing of environmental benefits and the sharing of environmental responsibilities. From this perspective, the essence and causes of open-air burning of straw in rural areas are explored. Repeated prohibition of open burning of straw in rural areas reflects a lot of social reality problems, but also exposed in the current process of straw burning many drawbacks. The main body of straw burning is farmers, but it is not farmers' wish, but it is a realistic choice based on their own interests maximization made by farmers forced by helplessness. The essence of environmental justice is social justice, which also determines that the solution of farmers' open burning of straw in the field of environment should be returned to the social category. Simply relying on "ban" can not stop farmers from burning straw in open air. We need to reflect on the relationship between "blocking" and "sparse" seriously. We should actively excavate the potential value of straw resources and find a way of comprehensive utilization of straw. On the one hand, it is necessary to analyze the technical means and equipment of straw utilization and construct the technical management support system of straw. On the other hand, we should actively construct the fund subsidy mechanism of straw treatment, the market service mechanism of straw treatment, the mechanism of straw processing application propaganda and technical training and the legal guarantee system, strengthen the social ethical governance and realize social justice. The model of combining social ethical governance with technical governance is used to solve the practical problem of straw surplus, and the straw can be transformed into economic benefits that farmers can see. Since then, environmental justice can be achieved through social justice and technical justice, and farmers' behavior of burning straw in the open air can be cured. The straw resources are integrated into the recycling of agricultural economy to avoid the waste of resources, so as to realize the organic unification of environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. It is of great significance for our country to realize the goal of agricultural modernization and ecology quickly.
【學位授予單位】：河南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B82-052

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