本文關(guān)鍵詞： 消費(fèi)主義 幸福 理性 欲望　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：消費(fèi)主義是興起于西方國家,以宣揚(yáng)消費(fèi)至上和享樂至上為主的一種消費(fèi)思潮,它的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展和蔓延是經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想等多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。它把消費(fèi)視為實(shí)現(xiàn)人生價(jià)值的唯一途徑,推崇高消費(fèi)的生活方式,具有無度性、象征性和誘導(dǎo)性等特征,其實(shí)質(zhì)就是對物質(zhì)資源的揮霍浪費(fèi)和無情踐踏。幸福觀是指人們對于幸福、對于自身的生存條件、生活狀態(tài)和人生理想的看法、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的概括與總結(jié),具有自我性和多樣性等特點(diǎn),正確的幸福觀可以提升人的道德素養(yǎng)和人生境界,指導(dǎo)人們獲得有價(jià)值的幸福。在秉持消費(fèi)主義幸福觀的人眼里,幸福就是物質(zhì)欲望的無限滿足,把人的物質(zhì)需要提高到至高無上的地位,完全忽視了人的精神方面的追求。消費(fèi)主義幸福觀追求體面的生活,渴望不加節(jié)制的物質(zhì)享受和消遣。其特征就是個(gè)人享樂、物質(zhì)占有、自我表征等,全然不顧他人和社會的利益和自然界承受能力。所以,消費(fèi)主義幸福觀是物質(zhì)主義、個(gè)人主義、享樂主義價(jià)值觀的具體體現(xiàn)。它關(guān)注當(dāng)下,認(rèn)為幸福就是眼前的歡愉;關(guān)注物質(zhì),將幸福就等同于物質(zhì)的充裕;關(guān)注個(gè)體;認(rèn)為幸福是自身的享樂。這種幸福觀隨著跨國公司的發(fā)展逐漸進(jìn)入我國,被我國部分消費(fèi)者所接受和踐行,并在大眾傳媒和我國“刺激消費(fèi)”政策等多種因素的影響下迅速蔓延和發(fā)展,給當(dāng)前我國的社會生活帶來了很沉重的影響。消費(fèi)主義幸福觀將物質(zhì)消費(fèi)的多少作為衡量幸福的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),忽視了精神消費(fèi)對于人生幸福的意義,導(dǎo)致物質(zhì)消費(fèi)與精神消費(fèi)的嚴(yán)重失衡,無限放大了人的感性欲望和物質(zhì)需求,使人放棄了道德理性的規(guī)導(dǎo),成為遵從自然本性的消費(fèi)動物,使人們的消費(fèi)目的從僅僅是為了滿足自身“需要”轉(zhuǎn)向追求不斷膨脹的“欲望”,混淆了人的合理需要與無止境之欲望的邊界,進(jìn)而誘發(fā)了一系列倫理危機(jī)。一方面,消費(fèi)主義幸福觀所引發(fā)的盲目消費(fèi)、過度消費(fèi)造成了生態(tài)資源的大量浪費(fèi),同時(shí)也給自然環(huán)境造成了無法彌補(bǔ)的傷害。另一方面,消費(fèi)主義幸福觀催生個(gè)人主義和享樂主義,扭曲了人們的人生觀和價(jià)值觀,加劇了社會多元價(jià)值觀之間的沖突和碰撞,威脅社會的和諧和穩(wěn)定,造成人際關(guān)系的緊張和疏離。同時(shí),也使人們沉浸在購物消費(fèi)的快感中,導(dǎo)致精神頹廢、理想喪失,在物欲面前丟棄了自我價(jià)值和尊嚴(yán)。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中規(guī)避消費(fèi)主義的不良影響,需要正確處理消費(fèi)與幸福的關(guān)系,消費(fèi)是實(shí)現(xiàn)幸福的途徑,正確的幸福觀能引導(dǎo)人們合理消費(fèi)。在消費(fèi)過程中,努力遵循可持續(xù)性原則、公正性原則、責(zé)任原則和適度原則,堅(jiān)持合理消費(fèi)。同時(shí),還要樹立馬克思主義幸福觀,發(fā)揚(yáng)我國傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)儉美德,堅(jiān)定理想信念和崇高的人生追求,自覺抵御不良思想的侵襲,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)人生的真正幸福。
[Abstract]:Consumerism is a kind of consumption trend which rises in western countries and preaches the supremacy of consumption and hedonism. Its emergence, development and spread are economy and politics. It regards consumption as the only way to realize the value of life, and advocates the lifestyle of high consumption, which has the characteristics of infinity, symbolism and inducement. The essence of happiness is to squander and trample on the material resources mercilessly. Happiness is the summary and summary of people's views, attitudes and viewpoints on their own living conditions, living conditions and ideals. With the characteristics of self-nature and diversity, the correct concept of happiness can improve people's moral literacy and life realm, guide people to obtain valuable happiness. Happiness is the infinite satisfaction of material desires, which elevates the material needs of human beings to the supreme position and completely ignores the pursuit of human spirit. Consumerism happiness seeks a decent life. Desire for unrestrained material enjoyment and recreation. It is characterized by personal enjoyment, material possession, self-expression, etc., without regard to the interests of others and society and the ability of nature to bear. The concept of happiness of consumerism is the concrete embodiment of the values of materialism, individualism and hedonism. Pay attention to matter, and equate happiness with material abundance; Concern for the individual; With the development of multinational companies, happiness is gradually entered into our country, which is accepted and practiced by some consumers in our country. And in the mass media and our country "stimulate consumption" policy and other factors under the influence of rapid spread and development. The concept of consumerism happiness takes the amount of material consumption as the standard to measure happiness and neglects the significance of spiritual consumption for life happiness. It leads to the serious imbalance between material consumption and spiritual consumption, unlimited amplification of human emotional desire and material needs, makes people give up the guidance of moral reason, and become a consumer animal obeying the nature of nature. The purpose of people's consumption is only to satisfy their own "needs" to pursue the ever-expanding "desire", confusing the boundary between human's reasonable needs and endless desires. On the one hand, the blind consumption caused by the concept of consumerism happiness, excessive consumption caused a large amount of waste of ecological resources. At the same time, it also caused irreparable harm to the natural environment. On the other hand, consumerism concept of happiness gave birth to individualism and hedonism, and distorted people's outlook on life and values. It intensifies the conflict and collision between social multi-values, threatens the harmony and stability of the society, and causes tension and alienation of interpersonal relationship. At the same time, it also causes people to immerse in the pleasure of shopping and consumption, leading to spiritual decadence. The loss of ideal, in the face of material desire abandoned the self-worth and dignity. In real life to avoid the adverse effects of consumerism, we need to correctly handle the relationship between consumption and happiness, consumption is the way to achieve happiness. The correct concept of happiness can guide people to consume reasonably. In the process of consumption, we should try to follow the principles of sustainability, fairness, responsibility and moderation, and adhere to the principle of reasonable consumption. We should also set up Marxist concept of happiness, carry forward our traditional virtue of frugality, firm our ideals and beliefs and lofty pursuit of life, consciously resist the invasion of bad ideas, and thus realize the true happiness of life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B82-05

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本文編號：1479003