本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公平效率 幸福尊嚴(yán) 人權(quán) 責(zé)任 和諧社會(huì) 生態(tài)文明　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：胡錦濤的時(shí)代是中國(guó)多層面的系統(tǒng)性問(wèn)題集中凸顯乃至爆發(fā)的時(shí)代。在這樣的時(shí)代里,面對(duì)一系列經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)高速發(fā)展累積下來(lái)的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性難題,胡錦濤領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的中國(guó)卻平穩(wěn)地實(shí)現(xiàn)了自身的轉(zhuǎn)型,使中國(guó)在保持自身經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的平穩(wěn)高速發(fā)展的同時(shí)以一種世人服膺的大國(guó)風(fēng)范融入國(guó)際社會(huì)。論文以為,中國(guó)社會(huì)的這種平穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)型,與胡錦濤堅(jiān)持以人為本,提出科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,“八榮八恥”,大力倡導(dǎo)社會(huì)主義的核心價(jià)值觀,及執(zhí)政風(fēng)格具有鮮明的倫理特質(zhì)密切相關(guān)。為此,論文通過(guò)對(duì)胡錦濤經(jīng)濟(jì)倫理、政治倫理、社會(huì)倫理與生態(tài)倫理的考察來(lái)展示胡錦濤執(zhí)政思想的這種倫理特質(zhì)。 如何處理效率與公平的關(guān)系問(wèn)題是胡錦濤經(jīng)濟(jì)倫理領(lǐng)域最為核心的內(nèi)容。在對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的處理上,胡錦濤注重市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)效率與政府主導(dǎo)公平相結(jié)合,通過(guò)加大公平的砝碼來(lái)改變國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增量分配嚴(yán)重不公的狀況,以此解決中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展累積下來(lái)的問(wèn)題；通過(guò)歸還基本的社會(huì)公平來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)關(guān)系的有效整合,借助于社會(huì)各種力量的良性互動(dòng)來(lái)尋求效率與公平的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。胡錦濤對(duì)效率與公平問(wèn)題的這種處理方式,實(shí)際上體現(xiàn)了他對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展終極目標(biāo)的思考,即面對(duì)巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)變遷應(yīng)當(dāng)如何評(píng)價(jià)、如何引導(dǎo)其走向?胡錦濤對(duì)此的回答是讓民眾有尊嚴(yán)地活著、過(guò)一種幸福的體面生活。而幸福與尊嚴(yán)問(wèn)題在中國(guó)出現(xiàn)于經(jīng)濟(jì)貧富落差的特殊境遇之下,為此,胡錦濤以不讓民眾因經(jīng)濟(jì)貧困而喪失尊嚴(yán)為核心來(lái)解決中國(guó)民眾的幸福與尊嚴(yán)問(wèn)題。但真正說(shuō)來(lái),這種貧困即導(dǎo)致尊嚴(yán)缺失的貧困并不是一種僅僅根源于對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展成果的非均衡性分享的物質(zhì)性貧困,而更多的是一種權(quán)利與精神的貧困,是經(jīng)濟(jì)話語(yǔ)權(quán)與精神家園缺失的貧困。因此,對(duì)中國(guó)民眾而言,實(shí)現(xiàn)一種更有尊嚴(yán)的、更幸福的體面生活,最根本的或許還應(yīng)當(dāng)在于獲得一種平等的經(jīng)濟(jì)話語(yǔ)權(quán)。然而,在中國(guó)特殊的國(guó)情之下,經(jīng)濟(jì)話語(yǔ)權(quán)與政治話語(yǔ)權(quán)密不可分,甚至可以說(shuō)政治話語(yǔ)權(quán)是經(jīng)濟(jì)話語(yǔ)權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)。為此,胡錦濤在政治領(lǐng)域主要致力于對(duì)人的基本權(quán)利的肯定以及為民眾基本權(quán)利的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供制度性保障。胡錦濤在這方面的努力集中體現(xiàn)為使人權(quán)在中國(guó)從政治問(wèn)題向法律問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)向以及從法律權(quán)利向道德權(quán)利回歸,并致力于對(duì)行政腐敗問(wèn)題的治理,力圖為民眾能夠幸福而尊嚴(yán)地生活提供制度層面的權(quán)利保障。 如果說(shuō)胡錦濤對(duì)公平與效率問(wèn)題的處理、將人權(quán)從政治問(wèn)題向道德權(quán)利的回歸以及對(duì)行政腐敗的治理,更多地是從政府的角度為民眾的幸福尊嚴(yán)生活提供經(jīng)濟(jì)層面與政治層面的制度性環(huán)境,那么,社會(huì)責(zé)任問(wèn)題與和諧社會(huì)的構(gòu)建則是胡錦濤力圖在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的貧富分化境遇之下為民眾對(duì)幸福尊嚴(yán)生活的穩(wěn)定性期待創(chuàng)造一種平穩(wěn)安樂(lè)的社會(huì)環(huán)境。在這方而,如何在以經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)建設(shè)小康社會(huì)、使國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)生活普遍達(dá)至殷實(shí)狀態(tài)的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)全體國(guó)民基于利益均衡之上的和諧安樂(lè),是胡錦濤思考的核心問(wèn)題。對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題,胡錦濤致力于構(gòu)建責(zé)任型政府敦促政府在社會(huì)領(lǐng)域的政治責(zé)任、強(qiáng)化企業(yè)責(zé)任意識(shí)詮釋財(cái)富的社會(huì)責(zé)任、加強(qiáng)公民職業(yè)道德教育與社會(huì)公德建設(shè),把和諧社會(huì)的構(gòu)想提升為中國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略性目標(biāo),以“和諧”的理念設(shè)定了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義發(fā)展的價(jià)值取向,以“和諧勞動(dòng)關(guān)系”與“和諧人倫關(guān)系”規(guī)定了中國(guó)社會(huì)不同群體、不同個(gè)體之間關(guān)系的基調(diào)。與此同時(shí),胡錦濤圍繞著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與資源環(huán)境、人與自然的和諧問(wèn)題,在從經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會(huì)層面為民眾的幸福尊嚴(yán)生活提供現(xiàn)實(shí)保障的同時(shí),以經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展進(jìn)程中的生存權(quán)與發(fā)展權(quán)為內(nèi)核構(gòu)建起一種新型的生態(tài)文明,為民眾幸福尊嚴(yán)生活的可持續(xù)性提供一個(gè)可預(yù)期的穩(wěn)定性期待。 胡錦濤經(jīng)濟(jì)倫理、政治倫理、社會(huì)倫理與生態(tài)倫理的關(guān)切點(diǎn)始終在于人自身的福祉與社會(huì)的公平正義。可以說(shuō),以實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的公平正義與民眾的幸福尊嚴(yán)為標(biāo)尺來(lái)處理中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)高速發(fā)展的累積性問(wèn)題是胡錦濤執(zhí)政倫理的最根本特質(zhì)。這種倫理特質(zhì)是中國(guó)政治倫理一體化的儒學(xué)傳統(tǒng)在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的歷史境遇中更生自新的驚人努力,正是這種努力使得胡錦濤領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的中國(guó)能夠以一種走向國(guó)際化、世界化的包容性姿態(tài)與一種普遍性的道德原則謀求自身的平穩(wěn)發(fā)展、促進(jìn)人類(lèi)社會(huì)的和平進(jìn)程,以一種和諧世界的理念向國(guó)際社會(huì)展示了中國(guó)渴望永久和平的真誠(chéng)姿態(tài)。
[Abstract]:The Hu Jintao era is a systemic problem Chinese level and focus on highlighting the outbreak of the era. In this era, facing the high risk of a series of problems of economic and social development accumulated, under the leadership of Hu Jintao Chinese but smoothly realize the transformation of their own, so that Chinese in maintaining their own economic and social steady and rapid development at the same time in a world subject country into the international community. The thought that this Chinese smooth transition of the society, and Hu Jintao proposed to adhere to the people-oriented, Scientific Outlook on Development, "Eight Honors and Eight Disgraces", vigorously advocated socialist core values, and the ruling style with distinctive characteristics of ethics are closely related. Therefore, based on the Hu Jintao's economic ethics, political ethics, social ethics and ecological ethics study to show the ethical qualities of Hu Jintao ruling thought.
How to deal with the relationship between efficiency and fairness is the core of Hu Jintao's economic ethics field. In the treatment of the problem, Hu Jintao pays attention to market efficiency and fair government combined by increasing the fair weights to change the increment distribution of national economy serious unfair condition, in order to solve the Chinese accumulated rapid economic development the problem of social justice; through the return to the basic realization of the effective integration of social relations, the benign interaction with various social forces to seek a dynamic balance between efficiency and fairness. The Hu Jintao efficiency and fair dealing with the problem, actually reflects the ultimate goal of the development of his thinking Chinese economy, is facing huge economic how should the social change evaluation, how to guide them to Hu Jintao? The answer is to allow people to live with dignity, have a kind of happiness A decent life. Under special circumstances, and happiness and dignity problems appeared in the economic gap between rich and poor in Chinese for Hu Jintao to keep people due to economic poverty and loss of dignity as the key to solve the problem of people's happiness and dignity China. But actually, this is caused by the lack of dignity of poverty poverty is not a only in non equilibrium of root share the fruits of economic development of the material poverty, but more is a kind of rights and spiritual poverty, economic discourse and spiritual home of the lack of poverty. Therefore, the China people, to achieve a more dignified, more happy the most fundamental perhaps a decent life, it should also be to get an equal economic discourse. However, Chinese under special conditions, economic discourse and political discourse are inseparable, and even can be said that the political discourse is the economic discourse power base The foundation. Therefore, Hu Jintao in the political field mainly focuses on the basic rights of the people and for the people of certain basic rights provides institutional guarantee. Hu Jintao's efforts in this area is mainly reflected in the Chinese to make human rights from political to legal issues and legal right to return from the moral rights, and is committed to the governance of the problem of administrative corruption, happiness and dignity of life to provide protection for the public rights system.
Hu Jintao said that if the treatment of the problem of fairness and efficiency, human rights will return from political issues to moral rights and governance of administrative corruption, is more from the perspective of the government for the people's happiness and dignity in life to provide institutional environment, economic level and political level, the construction of social responsibility and harmonious society is Hu Jintao tried to create a stable and peaceful social environment under the rapid development of the national economy situation for people on the polarization between the rich and the poor stability of happiness dignity of life. In this aspect, how in the economic indicators of the construction of well-off society, the national economy and life in general to achieve the national solid state based on the balance of interests. The peace and harmony, is the core of Hu Jintao's thinking. For this problem, Hu Jintao is committed to the construction of the responsible government urged the government in the social field of politics Governance responsibility, strengthening corporate responsibility consciousness interpretation wealth social responsibility, strengthening occupation moral education and citizen morality construction, to promote the concept of constructing a harmonious society is the strategic goal to China social development. The idea of "harmonious" set the value orientation of the development of socialist Chinese characteristics, with "harmonious labor relations" and "harmonious human relations" the provisions of the China different social groups, the relationship between different individuals of the tone. At the same time, Hu Jintao on economic development and resource environment, harmony between man and nature, in the governance of politics from economy, society, level to provide practical protection of people's life happiness and dignity and rights to survival and development process with rapid economic development the kernel to construct a new ecological civilization, sustainable people happiness and dignity in life to provide a stability can be expected.
Hu Jintao's economic ethics, political ethics, social ethics and ecological ethics concerns the well-being and social justice is always one's own. It can be said that the justice and the people to achieve social happiness dignity as the yardstick to processing accumulated problems in high-speed development of Chinese economic society is the most fundamental characteristics of Hu Jintao's Ruling Ethics. This is amazing to China ethical qualities of political ethics of Confucianism in the traditional rehabilitation integration in the global economic integration in the new historical circumstances, it is the efforts made under the leadership of Hu Jintao Chinese in a move toward internationalization, the moral principles of the world inclusive attitude and a universal pursuit of steady development of its own, to promote human society the peace process in a harmonious world concept to the international community show Chinese sincere desire to perpetual peace. Attitude

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B82-092

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