本文選題：思想政治教育 + 延安整風(fēng)運動　； 參考：《東南大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：從1921年中國共產(chǎn)黨成立至1942年以前,中國共產(chǎn)黨經(jīng)歷了成長、壯大、發(fā)展,也經(jīng)歷了挫折和失敗。其間,黨的中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機關(guān),先后出現(xiàn)數(shù)次(分別以陳獨秀、瞿秋白、李立三、王明為代表的)“左”右傾機會主義錯誤。黨內(nèi)雖然也開展了反對“左”右傾機會主義的斗爭,糾正了這些錯誤,但是由于環(huán)境條件的限制,糾正方法上的失誤,都沒有在思想路線上解決問題,許多黨的干部,還未能深刻認識這種錯誤的思想根源。黨內(nèi)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的“左”傾和右傾錯誤,從思想根源上看,都是主觀主義,主要是教條主義,其共同點都是理論和實踐相脫離,主觀和客觀不統(tǒng)一。1937年7月,日寇大規(guī)模入侵中國,國共兩黨開始合作抗日,到1942年7月,由于革命形勢的需要,我們黨的隊伍有了突飛猛進的發(fā)展。但新增加的70多萬黨員中,約百分之九十是知識分子、中農(nóng)和貧農(nóng)出身。也就是說絕大部分是來自于農(nóng)民和小資產(chǎn)階級。遵義會議后,雖然我黨已從幼年走向成熟,開始自覺地批判、改造黨內(nèi)的非無產(chǎn)階級思想,但這不是一蹴而就的。隨著局勢的迅速變化,不僅黨內(nèi)原有的非無產(chǎn)階級思想未能得到徹底解決,而且黨內(nèi)教育、改造非無產(chǎn)階級思想的任務(wù)又大大加重了。由以上情況可知,用馬克思主義統(tǒng)一全黨的思想,解決當時黨在政治、思想、組織上的若干問題,是勢在必行的,這就是延安整風(fēng)的背景。延安整風(fēng)的過程經(jīng)歷了準備階段、正式整風(fēng)階段、總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗階段。延安整風(fēng)的三個階段是逐步推進、相互聯(lián)系的有機整體,它們共同構(gòu)成了一個完整的思想政治教育過程。其中,準備和首先在黨的高級干部中取得思想上的一致,是全黨整風(fēng)的基礎(chǔ)；全黨整風(fēng)是延安整風(fēng)的擴大；總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗則是全黨整風(fēng)的邏輯發(fā)展。延安整風(fēng)運動首次采用了系統(tǒng)、集中地學(xué)習(xí)馬克思主義的方法。在思想政治教育的方式上,首次采用了“整風(fēng)運動”這一形式來系統(tǒng)集中學(xué)習(xí)馬克思主義。延安整風(fēng)用學(xué)習(xí)教育的方式解決黨內(nèi)思想分歧,把思想教育放在首位。這在當時本身就是一項偉大的創(chuàng)新。延安整風(fēng)中的學(xué)習(xí)運用理論聯(lián)系實際的方法。延安整風(fēng)還采用黨內(nèi)教育的方法。延安整風(fēng)中思想政治教育的成果是：政治上,進一步確立正確的政治路線；思想上,確立全黨正確的思想路線；組織上,消除了宗派主義,形成以毛澤東為首的中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心。延安整風(fēng)對中共思想政治教育產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。我們可以著重從黨的思想理論創(chuàng)新對思想政治教育創(chuàng)新意義的角度獲得對它的總結(jié)。我們還可以總結(jié)出延安整風(fēng)時期實事求是思想內(nèi)化對中共思想政治教育的影響。延安整風(fēng)中思想政治教育的方法給后人以諸多的啟示。延安整風(fēng)是在完整的理論體系指導(dǎo)下完成的,包括一整套思想、方針、方法,并且始終把轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)说乃枷敕旁诘谝晃�。延安整風(fēng)還是一場黨風(fēng)教育的范例。延安整風(fēng)遵循了主觀和客觀的統(tǒng)一。延安整風(fēng)堅持思想創(chuàng)新,不斷推進馬克思主義中國化。延安整風(fēng)把思想政治教育和黨內(nèi)的制度建設(shè)相結(jié)合。今天,我們要以延安整風(fēng)精神,推動群眾路線教育。延安整風(fēng)時期,在全黨范圍通過批評與自我批評進行馬克思主義教育,不僅發(fā)揚黨內(nèi)民主,而且發(fā)揚黨外民主,堅持走群眾路線,整頓黨的作風(fēng),最終實現(xiàn)了黨在思想、組織上的高度統(tǒng)一�，F(xiàn)在,在黨的群眾路線實踐活動工作會議上,習(xí)近平也指出：要以整風(fēng)精神開展批評和自我批評,堅持懲前毖后、治病救人的方針。延安整風(fēng)運動是一場用馬列主義統(tǒng)一全黨思想的教育運動,無論從廣度、深度、方法、效果看,它都是思想政治教育史上的典范�？傊�,延安整風(fēng)是有其必要性的。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921 to 1942, the Communist Party of China experienced growth, expansion and development, and also experienced setbacks and failures. During the meantime, the party's central leading organs have appeared several times (respectively, represented by Chen Duxiu, Qu Qiubai, Li Lisan, Wang Ming), "left" Right opportunist mistakes. Although the party has also carried out opposition, " Left "Right opportunism" struggles to correct these mistakes, but because of the limitation of the environmental conditions and the errors in correcting the methods, they have not solved the problem on the ideological line. Many Party cadres have not yet deeply understood the ideological root of this mistake. The "left" and right errors in the party have been repeated in the party, all from the ideological roots. It is subjectivism, mainly dogmatism, whose common point is that the theory and practice are separated from the theory and practice. In July.1937, the Japanese aggressors invaded China in a large scale, and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began to cooperate with Japan in July. By July 1942, the party's ranks were developed by leaps and bounds because of the needs of the revolutionary situation. But among the about 700000 newly added party members, About ninety percent of them are intellectuals, middle peasants and poor peasants. That is to say, most of them come from the peasants and the petty bourgeoisie. After the Zunyi conference, although our party has grown from childhood to maturity, it has begun to consciously criticize and transform the inner-party non proletarian ideas, but it is not an instant. With the rapid change of the situation, not only is the party in the party. The original non proletarian thought has not been completely solved, and the task of inner-party education and the remolding of non proletarian thought has been greatly increased. It is clear from the above situation that it is imperative to use Marx doctrine to unify the thought of the whole Party and to solve the political, ideological and organizational problems of the party at that time. This is the background of the rectification of Yanan. The process of rectification in Yanan has gone through the preparatory stage, the formal rectification stage and the historical experience stage. The three stages of the rectification movement in Yanan are progressive and interconnected organic whole, which together constitute a complete ideological and political education process. Among them, the whole party is prepared and first achieved ideological consistency in the party's senior cadres, the whole party. The whole wind is the basis of the rectification movement; the rectification of the whole party is the expansion of the rectification movement in Yanan; the summary of historical experience is the logical development of the whole Party's rectification. The first system is adopted for the first time in Yanan rectification movement to concentrate on the method of Marx's doctrine. In the form of Ideological and political education, the first form of "rectification movement" has been adopted to systematically study Marx. The way to solve the ideological differences in the party and put the ideological education in the first place in the way of learning and education in Yanan. This is a great innovation at that time. The method of learning and applying theory to practice in the rectification movement in Yanan. The Yanan rectification movement also adopted the method of inner party education. The result of Ideological and political education in the whole wind of Yanan is politics. On the other hand, the correct political line should be further established; ideologically, the correct ideological line of the whole party is established; in organization, sectarianism has been eliminated and the central leadership of the Central Committee led by Mao Zedong has been formed. The rectification movement in Yanan has a great influence on the ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China. We can also sum up it in the perspective of innovation. We can also sum up the influence of the ideological and political education on the ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China in the period of the rectification movement in Yanan. The methods of Ideological and political education in the rectification movement in Yanan give some inspiration to the future generations. The rectification movement in Yanan is completed under the guidance of a complete theoretical system, including a complete set of ideas. Needle, method, and always put the idea of changing people first. Yanan rectification is an example of Party style education. Yanan rectification follows the unity of subjective and objective. Yanan rectification persists in ideological innovation and continuously promotes the Sinicization of Marx doctrine. Yanan rectification combines ideological and political education with the construction of the inner party system. Today, I In the spirit of Yanan rectification, we should promote the education of the mass line. During the period of the rectification movement in Yanan, we should carry out Marx's education through criticism and self criticism in the whole Party's period, not only to carry forward democracy within the party, but also to carry forward the democracy of the party, adhere to the mass line, rectify the party's style of work, and finally achieve the party's high unity in thought and organization. Now, the party is in the party. At the working conference on the practice of the mass line, Xi Jinping also pointed out that it was necessary to carry out criticism and self-criticism in the spirit of the rectification movement, adhere to the policy of treating the disease and save the illness after the punishment. The Yanan rectification movement is an educational movement with Marxism Leninism unifying the whole party thought. It is the history of Ideological and political education in terms of breadth, depth, method and effect. In short, the rectification movement in Yanan is necessary.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D231;D261

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