本文選題：墨海書館　切入點：基督教　出處：《山東師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：1843年，麥都思于上海創(chuàng)辦了中國近代意義上的第一家印刷機構(gòu)——墨海書館。1860年，美華書館在上海立足后，墨海書館的出版活動逐漸被取代，直到1877年7、8月間才真正停業(yè)。墨海書館是由倫敦會傳教士創(chuàng)辦的，，此后大量倫敦會傳教士紛紛來華，對墨海書館做出了重大的貢獻。傳教士在墨海書館的工作，除了掌管墨海書館的運作以外，還翻譯宗教類的書籍、西方科學書籍以及創(chuàng)辦一系列綜合性的書刊。由于語言的限制，他們必須要仰仗中國文人，因此形成了一個特殊的知識分子群體，他們被稱為“秉筆華士”，中國文人的主要貢獻就是協(xié)助傳教士的翻譯活動。他們的翻譯活動，為晚清的西學東漸做出了巨大的貢獻，對中國近代的翻譯事業(yè)有著重要的意義。 墨海書館創(chuàng)辦初期的主要翻譯工作是由麥都思主持的，主要進行《圣經(jīng)》的中譯活動，《新約全書》于1852年出版，《舊約全書》于1855年出版。墨海書館出版的《圣經(jīng)》中譯本，被稱為“委辦本”，為后來出現(xiàn)的《圣經(jīng)》中譯本奠定了基礎。委辦本《圣經(jīng)》在中國歷史上有著重要的地位，之后許多版本的《圣經(jīng)》翻譯都沿用委辦本的“上帝”的譯名，而王韜作為委辦本的主要譯者，起到了重要的作用�！妒ソ�(jīng)》的文風與格式，在很大程度上都是受王韜的影響。麥都思與王韜的翻譯使得《圣經(jīng)》在人們心中成為一個“文學作品”，他們注重寫作的“達”、“雅”，按照中國的習慣進行翻譯寫作，更有利于福音的傳播。 從1851年開始，才陸續(xù)有西方科學書刊的出版。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，從1844年到1860年，墨海書館共出版的書刊有171種，其中，宗教類的書籍占總數(shù)的80.7%，西方科學書籍占總數(shù)的19.3%。西方科學書籍的翻譯，為中國近代意義上的各學科領域的建立打下了堅實的基礎。墨海書館主要翻譯出版了數(shù)學、物理、天文、地理、植物學、醫(yī)學與光學方面的書籍。墨海書館還翻譯了一部歷史著作——《大英國志》，《大英國志》的學術研究價值相對較小。但是，從促進中西文化交流方面來看，它發(fā)揮了積極地作用。開啟了西方史學知識向中國傳播的大門，之后，尤其是洋務運動期間，西方的史學論著紛紛被介紹到中國，中國的有識之士紛紛從這些西方史學譯著中，汲取營養(yǎng)，開闊了人們的視野，也促使人們對世界歷史有了新的認識。在這方面，《大英國志》的積極影響應予以肯定。偉烈亞力創(chuàng)辦了上海第一份中文報刊——《六合叢談》，《六合叢談》在整個中國近代中文報業(yè)發(fā)展史中起到了承前啟后的作用，因此，它是一份有重要意義、有獨特地位的刊物，有著重要的研究意義。 墨海書館是基督教傳教士在上海創(chuàng)辦的最早的一個集翻譯、印刷、出版于一體的機構(gòu)。它是近代中西文化交流的一個重要場所，墨海書館的傳教士和中國文人翻譯出版了大量西方的科學書籍，為中國“師夷長技”提供了教材，有利于西方科學知識在中國的傳播，引發(fā)了近代中國的思想解放潮流。同時，帶來了西方的印刷機器與技術，促進了中國印刷業(yè)的近代化。墨海書館采取“西譯中述”的翻譯方法，為中國培養(yǎng)了一批翻譯人才�？傊�，墨海書館為中國的近代化作出了巨大的貢獻，留下的積極影響值得研究。 文章共分四個方面介紹墨海書館，首先是整體介紹墨海書館的概況，進而介紹對墨海書館的翻譯事業(yè)貢獻最大的兩類人——傳教士和秉筆華士，以及由墨海書館翻譯出版的《圣經(jīng)》、西方科學書籍及創(chuàng)辦的綜合性書刊，最后闡述墨海書館對中國近代翻譯出版事業(yè)的影響。
[Abstract]:In 1843, Shanghai Medhurst founded the first modern printing mechanism -- the China mohai publishing house.1860, Meihua library based in Shanghai, publishing activities mohai publishing house has been replaced, until the month of 1877 7,8 truly closed. Mohai publishing house is founded by the London Missionary, then a lot of London who will have come to China, and has made great contributions to the mohai publishing house. The work of missionaries in mohai publishing house, in addition to in charge of the London Missionary Society press operation, translation of religious books, Western science books and the creation of a comprehensive series of books. Because of the limitation of language, they must rely on Chinese literati, therefore the formation of a special group of intellectuals, they are called "concessionsbel Esprit". The main contribution is to help the missionary China literary translation activities. Their translation activities in the late Qing Dynasty, for the West Learning from the East and the East has made great contributions to the translation cause of modern China.
Mohai Publishing House founded the main translation early is chaired by Matus, the main activities of the Bible, the New Testament published in 1852 < >, < > was published in 1855. The Old Testament translation Mohai Publishing House published the Bible, known as "the office", laid the foundation for the later versions of the Bible. The Bible commissioned plays an important role in the history of China, after many versions of the Bible translation which commissioned the "God" of translation, and the translator Wang Tao as the main Committee Office, has played an important role. The Bible > style and format, is largely influenced by Wang Tao. Matus and Wang Tao's translation of the Bible into a "literary works" in the hearts of the people, they pay attention to the writing of the "Da", "Ya", according to the China translation writing habits, more conducive to the spread of the gospel..
From the beginning of 1851, only after western science books published. According to statistics, from 1844 to 1860, mohai publishing house has published 171 books, including religious books, accounting for 80.7% of the total, the western science books accounted for 19.3%. the translation of the western science books, to lay a solid foundation for the establishment of the in the field of modern China. The London Missionary Society presstranslated published in mathematics, physics, astronomy, geography, botany, medicine and optics books. Mohai publishing house also translated a historical works - "the great British Journal >, < > the value of academic research in the history of the relatively small. However, from the promotion of Sino Western cultural exchanges, it has played a positive role. Open to spread knowledge of Western history China gate, especially during the Westernization Movement, the western historical works have been introduced to China, Chinese have knowledge People have to draw nutrition from these translations of western historiography, and broaden people's horizons, also make people have a new understanding of the history of the world. In this regard, positive effects the < > should be affirmed. Alexander Wylie founded the Shanghai first Chinese newspapers -- Discussions on < < Liuhe >. Liuhe in the modern Chinese discussions > Chinese newspaper history played an important role, therefore, it is a important and unique position of the publication, which has important significance.
Mohai publishing house is a set of translation, the earliest Christian missionaries founded in Shanghai, printed, published in one of the institutions. It is an important place for the modern cultural exchange, Mohai Publishing House of the missionaries and China scholars translated and published a large number of Western science books, provides materials for the Chinese "barbarians technology", is conducive to the spread of western scientific knowledge in Chinese, Chinese triggered a modern trend of thought liberation. At the same time, brought the printing machine and Western technology, promote the modernization of the printing industry. China Mohai Publishing House "in the translation of translation methods", cultivate a group of translators as Chinese. In short, mohai publishing house has great contribution to the modernization of China, worthy of positive influence left.
The article is divided into four aspects: the mohai publishing house, first is the overall introduction of mohai publishing house, then the introduction of Mohai Publishing House translation contribution to the cause of two kinds of people -- the largest missionary and concessionsbel esprit, and Mohai Publishing House published by the translation of the Bible, the western science books and its comprehensive books finally, elaborated the influence of modern translation China Mohai Publishing House Publishing.

【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G239.22

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