本文關(guān)鍵詞：不同定價(jià)機(jī)制對我國鐵礦石貿(mào)易的影響研究　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 長協(xié)定價(jià)機(jī)制 靈活定價(jià)機(jī)制 寡頭壟斷市場 價(jià)格指數(shù)

【摘要】：中國既是世界第一鋼鐵生產(chǎn)大國,也是世界第一鐵礦石進(jìn)口大國。中國鐵礦石儲量雖然龐大,但是中國國內(nèi)鐵礦石資源貧礦較多,且存在開采技術(shù)差、選礦難度大、生產(chǎn)效率不高等問題。受鐵礦石資源屬性和開采難度的限制,國內(nèi)鐵礦石產(chǎn)量難以滿足鋼鐵生產(chǎn)的需求,可利用數(shù)量和人均數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足國內(nèi)龐大的鋼鐵產(chǎn)能對原料的超級需求,使中國鋼企不得不尋求進(jìn)口之路。過去幾十年,由于鐵礦石進(jìn)口國的絕大部分進(jìn)口量都是從澳大利亞、巴西等鐵礦石豐產(chǎn)國獲得,鐵礦石貿(mào)易在長協(xié)價(jià)機(jī)制下,由于賣方對鐵礦石資源的絕對壟斷,在談判中賣方的討價(jià)還價(jià)的能力相對較強(qiáng),定價(jià)權(quán)始終掌握在幾大鐵礦石壟斷出口商手中。雖然從2004年開始,中國派出寶鋼、中鋼協(xié)等大型鋼廠及機(jī)構(gòu)參加長協(xié)價(jià)格談判,但在價(jià)格談判方面沒有任何討價(jià)還價(jià)的余地,依舊被動(dòng)接受鐵礦石價(jià)格飆升的結(jié)果。隨著鐵礦石市場進(jìn)行靈活定價(jià)時(shí)代,定價(jià)以指數(shù)為基準(zhǔn),定價(jià)區(qū)間和定價(jià)模式靈活多變,價(jià)格以現(xiàn)貨市場為主導(dǎo),越來越多的金融因素也加入其中。各種價(jià)格指數(shù)、交易平臺和鐵礦石金融衍生品的產(chǎn)生,使得鐵礦石市場影響因素越來越復(fù)雜,市場價(jià)格波動(dòng)性極大,中國擁有最大的鐵礦石現(xiàn)貨市場,在新一輪的機(jī)制變革下,緊跟腳步,也推出了自己的指數(shù)、交易平臺和期貨等,試圖在鐵礦石市場中改善被動(dòng)的地位。新定價(jià)機(jī)制地產(chǎn)生使鐵礦石市場發(fā)生了巨大變化,因此研究不同定價(jià)機(jī)制對鐵礦石貿(mào)易市場的影響,價(jià)格機(jī)制轉(zhuǎn)變的原因,對于改善我國鐵礦石貿(mào)易和鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展有著至關(guān)重要的意義。本論文試圖從鐵礦石市場發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)的兩種定價(jià)機(jī)制入手,分析對比不同定價(jià)機(jī)制給我國鐵礦石貿(mào)易帶來的不同影響,探究其機(jī)制轉(zhuǎn)變的實(shí)質(zhì)。從微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度看,鐵礦石市場屬于寡頭壟斷市場,因此采用壟斷市場模型從理論上分析市場定價(jià)及定價(jià)機(jī)制轉(zhuǎn)變的原因。對于不同定價(jià)機(jī)制的影響研究,在實(shí)證方面首先采用格蘭杰因果檢驗(yàn)法對兩種定價(jià)機(jī)制對于進(jìn)口量變化的影響進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證對比,再采用動(dòng)態(tài)比價(jià)法對于不同定價(jià)機(jī)制對定價(jià)權(quán)的影響進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證對比。分析結(jié)果表明,在靈活定價(jià)機(jī)制下,我國鐵礦石貿(mào)易買方地位有所提高,貿(mào)易狀況得到一定改善,定價(jià)模式的改變對我國而言具有正向影響。根據(jù)以上分析進(jìn)而提出關(guān)于對我國鐵礦石貿(mào)易改善切實(shí)可行、富有針對性的措施,希望對我國鐵礦石貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展有所幫助。應(yīng)對策略包括順應(yīng)鐵礦石價(jià)格金融化的趨勢,完善并加強(qiáng)現(xiàn)有的金融體系和產(chǎn)品,并推出更多相關(guān)的金融化產(chǎn)品,以圖在未來金融化的鐵礦石市場方面占據(jù)更多的份額。制定國家保障戰(zhàn)略,大力扶持國產(chǎn)礦開發(fā),優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)布局,提升國產(chǎn)礦產(chǎn)量,實(shí)現(xiàn)礦鋼平衡發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:China is not only the world's largest iron and steel producer, but also the world's largest iron ore importer. Although China's iron ore reserves are huge, China's domestic iron ore resources are poor, and there is poor mining technology. Due to the limitation of iron ore resource attribute and mining difficulty, domestic iron ore production is difficult to meet the demand of iron and steel production. The quantity available and the amount per capita are far from meeting the huge domestic demand for raw materials, forcing Chinese steelmakers to seek ways to import. Because the vast majority of imports of iron ore importing countries are from Australia, Brazil and other high-yielding countries, iron ore trade in the long price mechanism, due to the seller's absolute monopoly on iron ore resources. The seller's bargaining power was relatively strong in the negotiations, with pricing power always in the hands of several major iron ore monopoly exporters, although China has sent Baosteel since 2004. Sinosteel Association and other large steel mills and institutions to participate in the long Association price negotiations, but in the price negotiations there is no bargaining room. As the iron ore market carries on the flexible pricing era, pricing is based on index, pricing range and pricing model is flexible, and the price is dominated by the spot market. Various price indices, trading platforms and iron ore financial derivatives, which make the iron ore market more and more complex factors, market price volatility. China, which has the largest spot iron ore market, has followed suit in a new round of institutional changes, launching its own indices, trading platforms and futures. This paper attempts to improve the passive position in the iron ore market. The new pricing mechanism has brought about great changes in the iron ore market, so the influence of different pricing mechanisms on the iron ore trading market has been studied. The reason of the change of price mechanism is very important to improve the iron ore trade and the development of iron and steel industry in China. This paper tries to start with the two pricing mechanisms in the process of the development of iron ore market. This paper analyzes and compares the different effects of different pricing mechanisms on China's iron ore trade, and probes into the essence of its mechanism transformation. From the microeconomic point of view, the iron ore market belongs to the oligopoly market. Therefore, the monopolistic market model is used to analyze theoretically the reasons of market pricing and the change of pricing mechanism. The influence of different pricing mechanisms is studied. In the empirical aspect, Granger causality test is first used to verify the impact of the two pricing mechanisms on the change of import volume. Then the influence of different pricing mechanisms on pricing power is verified and compared by using dynamic pricing method. The results show that the buyer status of iron ore trade in China has been improved under the flexible pricing mechanism. The trade situation has been improved, and the change of pricing mode has a positive impact on China. Based on the above analysis, the paper puts forward practical and targeted measures to improve China's iron ore trade. The countermeasures include adapting to the trend of iron ore price financialization, perfecting and strengthening the existing financial system and products. And the introduction of more related financial products, in order to finance the iron ore market in the future to occupy a greater share, formulate national security strategy, vigorously support the development of domestic mines, optimize the industrial layout. Increase the production of domestic ore, achieve balanced development of ore steel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F426.1;F752.7

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