干旱對經(jīng)濟,環(huán)境和社會都有直接和間接的重大影響,嚴重制世界雨養(yǎng)干旱和半干旱地區(qū)作物生產(chǎn)。本研究旨在探討將可生物降解塑料膜覆蓋(PFM)作為干旱減緩技術(shù)應(yīng)用到加納和撒哈拉以南的非洲國家的可能性,PFM通過保存水分,保持土壤濕度,抑制雜草生長,增加地溫和提高作物耐寒性,從而顯著提高作物產(chǎn)量和水利用效率,在過去10年中使用率顯著增加。本文通過在中國甘肅和新疆省旱地進行實地調(diào)查,同時收集加納農(nóng)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù),比較加納與中國甘肅和新疆地區(qū)的氣候、作物、農(nóng)作系統(tǒng)和社會經(jīng)濟參數(shù)并進行成本效益分析,以確定PFM技術(shù)的可轉(zhuǎn)移性。研究表明,雖然加納和中國的氣候條件不同,但從6月到9月兩國溫度條件類似,溫度在23℃至32℃之間,屬于作物生長季節(jié),適合玉米作物生長發(fā)育,同樣,降水數(shù)據(jù)顯示,用于研究的加納北部每年降雨量遠遠超過了900毫米,中國西北部的降水量小于400毫米,然而在1月至3月以及11月至12月的幾個月內(nèi),兩個國家的平均月降雨模式和強度相同,均在3mm至38mm之間。加納所有三個地區(qū)的月平均日照時數(shù)呈現(xiàn)正弦曲線趨勢,在年初和年末的時候日照時數(shù)達到最高峰,而從七月到九月的減少。這與中國的甘肅和新疆兩省不同。一...

【文章頁數(shù)】：81 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
    1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND
    1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
    1.3 RESEARCH PURPOSE
    1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
    1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT
    2.2 FARMING SYSTEM IN THE NORTHERN GHANA
        2.2.1 Geographic Location and Demographics
        2.2.2 Land Use, Vegetation and Soils
        2.2.3 Climate and Agro-ecological Zones
        2.2.4 Crop Failure and Farm Technology Adoption in Ghana
    2.3 FARMING SYSTEM IN NORTHWEST CHINA
        2.3.1 Geographic Location and Demographics
        2.3.2. Impact of Drought on Agriculture in Northwest and North China
CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHOD
    3.1 STUDY AREAS
        3.1.1 Data Collection from Ghana
        3.1.2 Data Collection in China
    3.2 DATA ANALYSIS
        3.2.1 Conversion of Daily Sunshine Hour to Percentage Sunshine Hour
    3.3 THE CHOICE FOR MAIZE CROP
CHAPTER 4 - RESULT AND DISCUSSION
    4.1 COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS BETWEEN GHANA AND CHINA
        4.1.1 Temperature
        4.1.2 Precipitation
        4.1.3 Sunshine Hour
        4.1.4 Possibility Analysis of Climatic Conditions between Ghana and China
    4.2 COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CROPPING SYSTEMS
        4.2.1 Type of Crops - Northern Ghana
        4.2.2 Growing Season
        4.2.3 Planting Density or Population
        4.2.4 Seed Variety (Hybrid)
        4.2.5 Types Crops in Northwest China
        4.2.6 Growing Season in China
    4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF FARMERS IN GHANA AND CHINA
        4.3.1 Socio-economic Parameters - Ghana
        4.3.2 Farmer’s Illiteracy level
    4.4 COST – BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR PLASTIC FILM MULCHING
        4.4.1 Decision on Cost-Benefit Analysis of Agricultural Drought Technology Transfer
    4.5 JUDGEMENT SYSTEM AND WEIGHTING CRITERIA
        4.5.1 Decision Matrix and Weighted Score
        4.5.2 Suitability Assessment Based on Growing Season
    4.6. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF PLASTIC FILM MULCHING TECHNOLOGY
        4.6.1 Agronomic Effects and Benefits
CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    5.1 CONCLUSION
    5.2 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCE
APPENDIX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
RESUME



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