當今實現(xiàn)高速工業(yè)化的環(huán)保環(huán)境對當代人來說是一個嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。為了應對快速增長的人口的能源需求,傳統(tǒng)資源被過渡利用,這些資源,如化石燃料,經燃燒后釋放有害污染物到空氣中。由此產生的污染空氣進入大氣,造成有害顆粒物和溫室氣體,并對居民造成嚴重的不利健康影響。因此,為了避免環(huán)境污染,需要努力減少對化石燃料的依賴并提高可再生能源的能量利用。從可再生能源中獲取能源主要集中在氫能源領域。氫能源是可持續(xù)能源,以環(huán)境友好方式提供未來的能源供應和儲存需求。具有通過水電解槽和燃料電池分別應對可再生能源的低能量和高能量發(fā)電期的能力。不幸的是,電解氫的產生受到陽極上緩慢的析氧反應（OER）的抑制,析氧反應是產生H2燃料的關鍵半反應。OER是一種復雜的過程,電解水過程中,每釋放一個O2分子,則伴隨失去四個電子,這需要比標準析氧反應電位（V=1.23v）高得多的電位。由于這種多余的能量在電化學過程中被消耗,同時也影響了可再生能源技術的廣泛應用。目前,銥基氧化物,尤其是IrO2,是唯一能夠承受電催化制氫中苛刻酸性環(huán)境的材料。不幸的是,銥是非常珍貴的稀有元素;因此,如何有效利用銥仍然是一項挑戰(zhàn),因為它基本上降低了對化石燃... 

【文章來源】：華東理工大學上海市 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：127 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
Chapter Ⅰ Introduction
    1.1 Pollution from Burning of Fossil Fuels
    1.2 Energy from Renewables
    1.3 PEMWE's and Associated Challenges
    1.4 Effective utilization of iridium
2">        1.4.1 Doping IrO2

            1.4.1.1 Ru based binary and ternary composites of rutile IrO₂

            1.4.1.2 Sn based binary and ternary composites of rutile IrO₂

            1.4.1.3 Doping of non-noble transition elements into IrO₂

        1.4.2 Iridium incorporation into different structures
            1.4.2.1 Iridium in Pyrochlores
            1.4.2.2 Iridium incorporation in Perovskites
        1.4.3 Iridium based Mixed Oxides
2 based core-shell nanoparticles">            1.4.3.1 IrO₂ based core-shell nanoparticles
    1.5 Innovations in current study
Chapter Ⅱ Experimental materials, methods, principles and characterization
    2.1 Experimental materials and Synthesis methods
        2.1.1 Chemical reagents, materials and instruments
        2.1.2 Electrochemical characterization of electrodes
    2.2 Methods and principles of electrochemical characterization
        2.2.1 Reference Electrode Calibration
        2.2.2 Test of solution resistance
        2.2.3 Butler-Volmer （b-v） Equation of Electrode Dynamics
        2.2.4 Cyclic voltammetry test
    2.3 Physical characterization
        2.3.1 X-Ray Powder Diffraction （XRD）
        2.3.2 Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy（SEM &TEM）
        2.3.3 Photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）
        2.3.4 Energy Dissipation Spectrum （EDS） and Inductively Coupled Plasma EmissionSpectroscopy （ICP-AES）
        2.3.5 Specific Surface Area （BET）
        2.3.6 X-ray fine structure spectrum （XAFS）
2 catalyst">Chapter Ⅲ Study on OER activity and structure of codoped IrO₂ catalyst
    3.1 Introduction
2">    3.2 Synthesis of codoped IrO₂

    3.3 Theoretical Calculation
    3.4 Results and Discussion
2">        3.4.1 Composition, structure and morphological analysis of codoped IrO₂

        3.4.2 Computational Insight for codoped IrO₂

        3.4.3 Electrochemical Properties of codoped IrO₂

        3.4.4 XPS and XAS characterizations
    3.5 Summary
Chapter Ⅳ Iridium Substitution in Nickel Cobaltite
    4.1 Introduction
xNiCo_2xO_δ">    4.2 Synthesis of Ir_xNiCo_2xO_δ

    4.3 Results and Discussion
Ⅲ EXAFS">        4.3.1 Structural characterization using XRD,TEM and Ir-L_Ⅲ EXAFS
        4.3.2 Electrocatalytic Activity and Durability
111-edge XANES and XPS study">        4.3.3 Electronic characterization of Iridium sites by Ir L₁₁₁-edge XANES and XPS study
    4.4 Summary
2 on 1-D Co₃O₄ Nano-rods as Mixed Oxides">Chapter Ⅴ Anchoring of IrO₂ on 1-D Co₃O₄ Nano-rods as Mixed Oxides
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Material Synthesis
3O₄ nanorods">        5.2.1 Synthesis of Co₃O₄ nanorods
2 decorated Co₃O₄ nanorods">        5.2.2 Synthesis of IrO₂ decorated Co₃O₄ nanorods
2 nanoparticles">        5.2.3 Synthesis of IrO₂ nanoparticles
    5.3 Results and Discussion
        5.3.1 XRD and EDS of Synthesized Composites
        5.3.2 Morphological Analysis of Composites
        5.3.3 OER Catalytic Evaluation of Composites
        5.3.4 One Dimensional Importance of Substrate Material
        5.3.5 XPS Analysis of Synthesized Composites
    5.4 Summary
Chapter Ⅵ Conclusion and Future Stance
    6.1 Schematic Conclusion
    6.2 Prospect
References
Published Work during PhD
Acknowledgement



本文編號：2927126

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