本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于獨(dú)立成分分析的面孔識(shí)別異族效應(yīng)神經(jīng)機(jī)制的研究　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 異族效應(yīng) 近紅外腦功能成像 獨(dú)立成分分析 時(shí)間序列串聯(lián) 神經(jīng)機(jī)制

【摘要】：異族效應(yīng)(Other-race effect,ORE)是一種面孔識(shí)別偏差現(xiàn)象,具體表現(xiàn)為識(shí)別本族面孔的要比識(shí)別外族面孔容易得多。異族效應(yīng)形成機(jī)制的研究已經(jīng)成為了認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。隨著功能神經(jīng)影像技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展,利用功能磁共振(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)和腦電圖(electroencephalographic,EEG)對(duì)異族效應(yīng)的神經(jīng)機(jī)制進(jìn)行研究已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。已有研究表明本族面孔顯著地激活了右側(cè)梭狀回人臉區(qū)(fusiform face area,FFA),同時(shí),與本族面孔相比,外族人臉在杏仁核上的激活強(qiáng)度更大。隨著對(duì)異族效應(yīng)神經(jīng)機(jī)制研究的深入,有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)成年人在識(shí)別本族和外族面孔時(shí),在與面孔加工有關(guān)的皮層區(qū)域之間形成的有效網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在顯著差異。獨(dú)立成分分析(independent components analysis,ICA)作為一種數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)方法,在近幾年的功能神經(jīng)影像學(xué)研究中占有越來(lái)越重要的地位。為了揭示人們識(shí)別不同種族面孔時(shí)大腦激活模式的差異,本文利用ICA數(shù)據(jù)處理方法和fNIRS成像技術(shù),對(duì)異族效應(yīng)的神經(jīng)機(jī)制進(jìn)行研究,具體研究過(guò)程如下:第一,采用fNIRS成像技術(shù)采集95名受試者的fNIRS數(shù)據(jù),并對(duì)采集到的原始空間數(shù)據(jù)和光學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,得到配準(zhǔn)后的空間數(shù)據(jù)和氧合血紅蛋白濃度變化數(shù)據(jù),為后續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)處理做準(zhǔn)備。第二,對(duì)含氧血紅蛋白濃度變化數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行組ICA,并根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)特點(diǎn)和實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)研究出時(shí)間串聯(lián)算法,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在相同條件下分析不同種族面孔引起的大腦神經(jīng)機(jī)制的差異。第三,對(duì)得到的本族面孔刺激對(duì)應(yīng)的獨(dú)立成分和外族面孔刺激對(duì)應(yīng)的獨(dú)立成分分別與本實(shí)驗(yàn)理想的血液動(dòng)力學(xué)響應(yīng)做相關(guān)分析,得到兩組相關(guān)系數(shù);然后對(duì)這兩組相關(guān)系數(shù)做差異性分析,判斷該成分是否有顯著差異。得到顯著差異的成分后,找到其對(duì)應(yīng)的腦區(qū)分布及空間坐標(biāo)。最后,總結(jié)本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn):外族面孔刺激激活程度顯著大于本族面孔刺激激活程度的腦區(qū)有:中央后回、距狀裂周?chē)�、眶�?nèi)額上回、楔葉、枕上回。外族面孔刺激激活程度顯著小于本族面孔刺激激活程度的腦區(qū)有:背外側(cè)額上回、三角部額下回。本研究提出了 fNIRS數(shù)據(jù)的組ICA分析算法,通過(guò)對(duì)近紅外腦功能數(shù)據(jù)的處理,揭示了異族效應(yīng)的大腦激活模式,為以后的相關(guān)研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。本研究得到的結(jié)果與前人使用fMRI、EEG等方法得到的結(jié)果具有一致性。另外,本研究通過(guò)面孔識(shí)別的時(shí)空處理模式揭示了種族間差異。本研究不僅能幫助人們理解面孔加工對(duì)大腦視覺(jué)皮層功能組織的影響,也能為改善機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)人臉識(shí)別算法提供仿生學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Heterosexual effect is a phenomenon of face recognition bias. It is much easier to recognize the faces of the native people than to recognize the faces of the foreigners. The study of the formation mechanism of the alien effect has become one of the hotspots in the field of cognitive neuroscience and so on. With the development of the functional neural imaging technology, it has become a hot topic in the field of cognitive neuroscience. Rapid development. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used. FMRI) and electroencephalographic (EEG). The study of the neural mechanism of alien effect has become a reality. It has been shown that the facial region of the right fusiform face area is significantly activated by our faces. FFAA, at the same time, compared with the native faces, the Alien faces in the amygdala activation intensity is greater. With the in-depth study of the heterogeneous effect neural mechanism, some scholars have found that adults recognize their own and foreign faces. There were significant differences in the effective networks formed between the cortical regions associated with face processing. Independent component Analysis (ICA) was independent components analysis. ICA), as a data-driven method, plays an increasingly important role in the study of functional neuroimaging in recent years. In order to reveal the differences in brain activation patterns in recognition of different racial faces. In this paper, we use ICA data processing method and fNIRS imaging technology to study the neural mechanism of alien effect. The specific research process is as follows: first. The fNIRS data of 95 subjects were collected by fNIRS imaging technology, and the raw spatial data and optical data were preprocessed. The spatial data and oxygen hemoglobin concentration change data after registration were obtained to prepare for the subsequent data processing. Secondly, the changes of oxygen hemoglobin concentration data were carried out group ICA. And according to the characteristics of the data and experimental design to develop a time-series algorithm, so that under the same conditions to analyze the different ethnic faces caused by the difference of the neural mechanism. Third. The correlation analysis was made between the corresponding independent components of face stimulation and the ideal hemodynamic response of this experiment, and the correlation coefficients between the two groups were obtained. Then the difference between the two groups of correlation coefficients is analyzed to determine whether there is a significant difference between the two groups. After obtaining the significantly different components, the corresponding brain area distribution and spatial coordinates are found. Finally. Summing up the results of this study, we found that the activation degree of facial stimuli in foreign faces was significantly greater than that in their own faces: posterior central gyrus, paracral cortex, superior orbital frontal gyrus and cuneiform lobe. Supraoccipital gyrus. The brain regions with lower activation degree of foreign faces than their faces were dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. In this study, we proposed a group ICA analysis algorithm for fNIRS data. By processing the near infrared brain function data, we revealed the brain activation mode of alien effect. The results obtained in this study are consistent with those obtained by previous methods such as fMRI EEG. This study reveals inter-ethnic differences through the spatio-temporal processing of face recognition. This study not only helps people understand the effects of face processing on the functional organization of the visual cortex of the brain. It can also provide bionic basis for improving the face recognition algorithm of machine learning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP391.41;R445.2

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本文編號(hào)：1380535