【摘要】：以水庫(kù)為主體而建設(shè)發(fā)展的水利風(fēng)景區(qū)是我國(guó)水利風(fēng)景區(qū)體系中比較成熟的一個(gè)類型。我國(guó)水庫(kù)資源豐富,具備良好的開發(fā)建設(shè)基礎(chǔ),但水庫(kù)資源在周邊景區(qū)開發(fā)建設(shè)過(guò)程中容易遭到破壞,造成資源極大浪費(fèi)。論文以宜興市橫山水庫(kù)周邊景區(qū)開發(fā)建設(shè)為例,探討水庫(kù)周邊開發(fā)利用對(duì)水資源影響及制定相應(yīng)安全保障措施。 論文首先分析研究區(qū)水資源數(shù)量和水環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀問(wèn)題,然后基于水文要素和土地利用等資料構(gòu)建模擬模型,并結(jié)合實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行率定和檢驗(yàn)。根據(jù)水源地保護(hù)的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)和景區(qū)規(guī)劃布局,設(shè)定不同開發(fā)利用情景和規(guī)模,利用構(gòu)建好的SWAT模型模擬不同開發(fā)利用情景及不同典型年下研究區(qū)水量水質(zhì)變化情況,評(píng)價(jià)不同開發(fā)利用情景對(duì)水資源安全的影響程度。并得出如下結(jié)論： (1)研究區(qū)1979-2010年近32a的降水量和入庫(kù)水量呈下降趨勢(shì),但下降趨勢(shì)不明顯,并且兩者具有13a和5a兩個(gè)振蕩周期,主振蕩周期為13a。 (2)研究區(qū)各類污染源中COD的入庫(kù)量均為最大,且COD的入庫(kù)總量遠(yuǎn)大于其他污染物入庫(kù)總量,水庫(kù)水體處于中度富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化狀態(tài)。 (3)基于不同典型年份,景區(qū)開發(fā)初期和開發(fā)完成后入庫(kù)徑流均增加,故景區(qū)開發(fā)對(duì)水庫(kù)水資源無(wú)不良影響,但增加的水量可能在汛期增加防洪壓力；各典型年份景區(qū)開發(fā)初期入庫(kù)泥沙負(fù)荷都有一定增加,水土流失加劇,必須做好開發(fā)建設(shè)過(guò)程中水土保持工作；各典型年份景區(qū)開發(fā)初期和開發(fā)完成后研究區(qū)污染負(fù)荷均減少,故景區(qū)開發(fā)對(duì)水庫(kù)水資源無(wú)不良影響,但諸如停車場(chǎng)、道路和賓館餐飲等污染源未考慮在內(nèi),在景區(qū)開發(fā)初期和開發(fā)完成后應(yīng)制定相應(yīng)措施以期降低污染。 (4)針對(duì)水庫(kù)開發(fā)利用對(duì)水資源影響分析評(píng)價(jià)及進(jìn)一步保障水源地安全,制定了水資源基本保障措施和開發(fā)利用過(guò)程中相應(yīng)具體措施。
[Abstract]:The water conservancy scenic spot with reservoir as the main body is a more mature type in the water conservancy scenic spot system of our country. The reservoir resources in our country are rich and have a good foundation for development and construction, but the reservoir resources are easily destroyed in the process of development and construction of the surrounding scenic spots, resulting in a great waste of resources. Taking the development and construction of scenic spots around Hengshan Reservoir in Yixing City as an example, this paper discusses the impact of reservoir development and utilization on water resources and formulates corresponding safety measures. In this paper, the quantity of water resources and the current situation of water environment in the study area are analyzed firstly, then the simulation model is constructed based on the data of hydrological elements and land use, and the model parameters are determined and tested with the measured data. According to the relevant laws and regulations of water source protection and the layout of scenic spots, different development and utilization scenarios and scales are set up, and the SWAT model is used to simulate the changes of water quantity and water quality in different development and utilization scenarios and in different typical years. To evaluate the impact of different development and utilization scenarios on water resources security. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the precipitation and storage water in the study area from 1979 to 2010 showed a decreasing trend, but the decreasing trend was not obvious, and they had two oscillatory periods of 13a and 5a. The main oscillation period is 13a. (2) the input amount of COD is the largest in all kinds of pollution sources, and the total amount of COD is much larger than that of other pollutants. The water body of the reservoir is in a medium eutrophication state. (3) based on different typical years, the runoff into the reservoir increases at the initial stage of development and after the development, so the exploitation of the scenic spot has no adverse effect on the water resources of the reservoir. However, the increase of water quantity may increase the flood control pressure in flood season, and the load of silt in the initial stage of development of scenic spots in each typical year will increase to a certain extent, and the soil and water loss will be aggravated, so it is necessary to do a good job of soil and water conservation in the course of development and construction. In each typical year, the pollution load of the study area is reduced at the initial stage of development and after the completion of development, so the scenic spot development has no adverse effect on reservoir water resources, but the pollution sources such as parking lot, road and hotel catering are not taken into account. In the early stage and after the development of the scenic area, the corresponding measures should be made to reduce the pollution. (4) to analyze and evaluate the impact of reservoir development and utilization on water resources and to further ensure the safety of the water source. The basic safeguard measures of water resources and the corresponding concrete measures in the process of development and utilization have been formulated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV697.25;TV213

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