本文選題：長江口 + 脊尾白蝦　； 參考：《上海海洋大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：白蝦(脊尾白蝦、安氏白蝦)歷史上是長江口“五大漁汛”之一,是長江口重要的漁業(yè)捕撈對象,同時在長江口水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中也占據(jù)重要地位。然而,由于過度捕撈和環(huán)境污染等的影響,長江口生態(tài)系統(tǒng)全面衰退,脊尾白蝦資源和種群數(shù)量受到嚴重影響。2015年對長江口水域脊尾白蝦進行了調查,研究了脊尾白蝦的時空分布及其與環(huán)境因子之間的關系、繁殖生物學、資源量進行了研究。旨在豐富、更新和儲備長江口脊尾白蝦的研究資料,為長江口脊尾白蝦資源的可持續(xù)利用提供理論依據(jù)和實際指導。1.長江口白蝦的分布及其與環(huán)境因子的關系采用2015年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)長江口水域漁業(yè)資源調查資料,結合該水域的水文情況,研究長江口白蝦的季節(jié)資源豐度、平面分布及與環(huán)境因子之間的關系。結果顯示:脊尾白蝦和安氏白蝦豐度存在明顯的季節(jié)差異,均表現(xiàn)為秋季最高,冬季最低。脊尾白蝦主要分布在北支水域,安氏白蝦主要分布于南支水域;通過對兩種白蝦豐度分布與環(huán)境因子的RDA分析表明,脊尾白蝦和安氏白蝦的分布主要受鹽度、水溫、溶解氧和pH等影響。2.長江口脊尾白蝦繁殖生物學研究通過周年逐月采樣,對長江口脊尾白蝦繁殖生物學進行了研究。結果表明:長江口脊尾白蝦體長范圍為25~75 mm,優(yōu)勢體長范圍為35~55 mm,平均體長(48.32±9.07)mm;周年間月性比變化介于0.89~1.63,年平均性比為1.12±0.22,雌雄數(shù)量差異不顯著(P0.05);長江口脊尾白蝦繁殖期在3~10月,繁殖高峰期在5~8月,其中5~6月繁殖群體以越年蝦為主,7月繁殖群體以當年蝦為主;個體絕對生殖力(F)在660~8000egg,與體長(L)呈直線相關,F=68.86L-2072(R2=0.498);個體絕對生殖力與體重(W)也呈直線相關,F=318.5W+267.0(R2=0.504)。個體體長相對生殖力(FL)為2.97~154.35egg/mm,個體體重相對生殖力(FW)為107.87~1964.66egg/g。F、FL與各生物學指標間的相關系數(shù)均達到極顯著水平(P0.01);FW僅與空殼重、成熟系數(shù)之間的相關系數(shù)達到極顯著水平(P0.01)。F、FL與體長、體重、空殼重、成熟系數(shù)呈冪函數(shù)相關,與卵巢重呈線性相關;FW與卵巢重呈冪函數(shù)相關,與成熟系數(shù)呈線性相關。多元逐步回歸分析表明,F與卵巢重密切相關。3.長江口脊尾白蝦生長參數(shù)及持續(xù)漁獲量分析運用FiSAT II軟件對脊尾白蝦的生長參數(shù)以及種群補充模式進行了分析。結果表明:雌蝦的體長組成范圍為27~74mm,其中35~50mm的個體占絕對優(yōu)勢;生長系數(shù)(K)和極限體長(L∞)分別為1.01和79.8mm,種群總死亡系數(shù)(Z)、自然死亡系數(shù)(M)和捕撈死亡系數(shù)(F)分別為4.81、1.9和2.87。當前長江口近岸水域脊尾白蝦的資源開發(fā)率(E)為0.597,大于Fopt(0.5)。利用長度結構的VPA方法估算的年平均資源量為2.234×109ind,463.54t。通過對單位補充量產(chǎn)量、資源量、漁獲產(chǎn)量分析表明,該群體利用合理,開捕體長亦處最佳位置,同時建議在7~8月實休漁期。
[Abstract]:White Shrimp (White Shrimp, White Shrimp) is one of the "five major fishing floods" in the Yangtze Estuary in history. It is an important fishing object in the Changjiang Estuary, and also occupies an important position in the aquatic ecosystem of the Yangtze River Estuary. However, due to the effects of overfishing and environmental pollution, the ecosystem of the Yangtze River Estuary has completely declined, and the resources and population of the white shrimp have been seriously affected. A survey was carried out on the white shrimp in the Yangtze River Estuary in 2015. The temporal and spatial distribution of white shrimp and its relationship with environmental factors, reproductive biology and resources were studied. The aim of this paper is to enrich, renew and store the research data of white shrimps in the Changjiang Estuary, and to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the sustainable utilization of the resources of white shrimps in the Yangtze River Estuary. Distribution of White Shrimp in the Changjiang Estuary and its relationship with Environmental factors the survey data of fishery resources in the Yangtze Estuary waters in February (winter), May (spring), August (summer) and November (autumn) were used. The seasonal abundance, plane distribution and relationship with environmental factors of white shrimps in the Yangtze River Estuary were studied. The results showed that there were significant seasonal differences in the abundance of white shrimps and white shrimps, which were the highest in autumn and the lowest in winter. The abundance distribution and environmental factors of two species of white shrimp were analyzed by RDA. The distribution of white shrimp and white shrimp were mainly influenced by salinity and water temperature, the distribution of white shrimp was mainly distributed in the waters of the northern branch, and the distribution of the two species of white shrimps was mainly affected by salinity and water temperature, according to the RDA analysis of the abundance distribution and environmental factors of the two species of white shrimp. Effects of dissolved oxygen and pH. Reproductive Biology of White Shrimp in the Yangtze River Estuary the annual monthly sampling was carried out to study the reproductive biology of White Shrimp in the Yangtze River Estuary. The results showed that the range of body length was 2575 mm, the dominant length was 35 ~ 55 mm, the average length was (48.32 鹵9.07) mm, the monthly sex ratio was 0.891.63, the annual sex ratio was 1.12 鹵0.22, there was no significant difference between male and female (P0.05), the breeding period of white shrimp was from March to October, and the average sex ratio was 1.12 鹵0.22 (P0.05), and the average length was (48.32 鹵9.07) mm. The peak period of reproduction was from May to August, in which the main breeding population in May ~ June was old shrimp, and in July, shrimp was dominant; the absolute fecundity of individual (F) was 660,8000 eggs. there was a linear correlation between individual absolute fecundity (F) and body length (L), and there was a linear correlation between individual absolute fecundity and body weight (W). There was a linear correlation between individual absolute fecundity and body weight (R _ 2O _ (0.504), and there was also a linear correlation between individual absolute reproductive power and body weight (R _ (2) ~ (0.504). The relative fecundity (FL) of individual body length was 2.97 / 154.35 eggs.The relative fecundity (FW) of individual body weight was 107.87 / 66.64.66 / g 路FFL and the correlation coefficient between FW and each biological index was extremely significant (P0.01), and the correlation coefficient between maturity coefficient and body length was very significant (P0.01). Body weight, empty shell weight, maturation coefficient were power function correlation, ovarian weight was linear correlation with ovarian weight and ovarian weight was power function, and maturation coefficient was linear correlation. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that F was closely related to ovarian weight. Growth parameters and continuous catch Analysis of White Shrimp in the Yangtze Estuary the growth parameters and population replenishment model of the white shrimp were analyzed by FiSAT II software. The results showed that the body length composition of female shrimp was 274mm, the individual of 35~50mm was dominant, the growth coefficient (K) and limiting body length (L 鈭，

本文編號：2071737