本文關(guān)鍵詞：大安市農(nóng)地后備資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補償對策研究　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 農(nóng)地后備資源 生態(tài)補償 生態(tài)足跡 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)

【摘要】：農(nóng)地后備資源開發(fā)是補充耕地、增加其他農(nóng)用地和發(fā)展建設(shè)用地的重要途徑，它能有效解決我國人民的溫飽問題。農(nóng)地后背資源的開發(fā)利用還可以彌補工業(yè)化和城市化對耕地的占用，從而為糧食和其他農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)提供最基礎(chǔ)的土地資源保障，為經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供長期穩(wěn)定的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。吉林省西部土地整理開發(fā)，也是出于這樣的目的，達到增產(chǎn)百億斤糧食。但是由于長時間、大規(guī)模的連續(xù)開發(fā)，導(dǎo)致適宜開發(fā)、易于開發(fā)的農(nóng)地后備資源變得越來越少。目前存在的農(nóng)地后備資源多分布于生態(tài)脆弱、肥力較低、開發(fā)利用因素限制較強的區(qū)域，不僅開發(fā)后農(nóng)地質(zhì)量難以保障，而且會面臨各種生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。通過實地走訪了解到大安市農(nóng)用地后背資源開發(fā)后對于生態(tài)具有一定的影響，主要表現(xiàn)在水資源、大氣、生物多樣性等方面。所以本文立足于這種開發(fā)對生態(tài)造成的破壞進行補償，研究了補償?shù)闹黧w、客體、補償方式和補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 在研究過程中主要使用的方法有實地調(diào)研法、生態(tài)足跡模型、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值計算等方法。 具體研究結(jié)果和研究結(jié)論包括以下幾個方面： （1）根據(jù)大安市自然資源狀況和社會經(jīng)濟情況，并以大安市土地開發(fā)的內(nèi)容為依據(jù)，總結(jié)了大安市農(nóng)用地后背資源的特征：后備資源儲量大，，多為Ⅱ、Ⅲ等宜耕土地，分布不集中，多為小片形式，且土壤肥力不同。以及對于開發(fā)后存在的生態(tài)問題。 （2）根據(jù)查閱的文獻，結(jié)合大安市農(nóng)用地后備資源開發(fā)的情況，確定政府為補償主體，對生態(tài)造成的破壞的補償作為補償對象，采取智力補償、實物補償、資金補償和政策補償相結(jié)合的補償方式。通過生態(tài)足跡模型和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值相結(jié)合的方法計算得到吉林省大安市農(nóng)用地后備資源生態(tài)補償?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)為5999.92元/hm2，總的生態(tài)補償為50246.45萬元。 （3）農(nóng)用地后背資源開發(fā)涉及的工程龐大，具有長期性，而且對與自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是一種強烈的干預(yù)行為。通過對當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民的了解，得到了農(nóng)用地后備資源開發(fā)對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響。主要表現(xiàn)為對水資源、生物多樣、土地質(zhì)量和沙化現(xiàn)象、大氣產(chǎn)生了不利的影響 （4）調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，農(nóng)民對生態(tài)補償、生態(tài)危機的概念不了解，聽說過，但具體并不了解。政府對于生態(tài)保護方面的宣傳工作也有待提高。
[Abstract]:The development of farmland reserve resources is an important way to supplement cultivated land, increase other agricultural land and develop construction land. It can effectively solve the problem of food and clothing of Chinese people, and the exploitation and utilization of agricultural land backside resources can also make up for the occupation of cultivated land by industrialization and urbanization. In order to provide the most basic land resources security for the production of grain and other agricultural products, and to provide a long-term and stable material basis for the sustainable development of the economy, land consolidation and development in the western part of Jilin Province is also for this purpose. To increase grain production by 100 billion catties. However, due to a long period of time and continuous large-scale development, it is suitable for development. The reserve resources of farmland which are easy to be exploited become less and less. At present, the reserve resources of farmland are mostly distributed in the areas where the ecology is fragile, the fertility is low, and the factors of exploitation and utilization are more restrictive. Not only the quality of agricultural land after development is difficult to ensure, but also will face a variety of ecological problems. Through field visits to understand that after the development of agricultural land resources in Da'an has a certain impact on the ecology. It is mainly manifested in water resources, atmosphere, biodiversity and so on. Therefore, based on the compensation of ecological damage caused by this kind of development, this paper studies the subject, object, compensation method and compensation standard of compensation. The main methods used in the research are field investigation, ecological footprint model, ecosystem service value calculation and so on. Specific findings and conclusions include the following: 1) according to the situation of natural resources and social economy in Da'an city, and based on the content of land development in Da'an city, this paper summarizes the characteristics of backside resources of agricultural land in Da'an city: reserves of reserve resources are large, most of them are 鈪

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