【摘要】：氣固兩相流技術(shù)已廣泛應用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,對其流動參數(shù)檢測是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)急需解決的問題。目前,氣固兩相流測量方法中靜電法得到了迅速的發(fā)展。靜電法是基于靜電感應原理,利用靜電傳感器對氣固兩相流的速度、細度等參數(shù)進行測量。靜電傳感器具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、安裝方便、成本低廉、靈敏度高等特點,未來有很大發(fā)展?jié)摿�。本文利用靜電感應原理,設計出兩種不同類型的靜電傳感器:插入式靜電傳感器和感應式靜電傳感器。通過研究靜電傳感器性能特性,分析影響靜電傳感器測量精度的因素和兩類靜電傳感器的優(yōu)缺點,并對靜電傳感器進行實驗驗證。主要工作內(nèi)容包括:(1)分析火電廠氣固兩相流模型,利用PVC管道、漏斗、開關(guān)閥門、閥柵、鐵架、銅膜等器材在實驗室自主搭建實驗平臺,以驗證靜電傳感器的性能。(2)根據(jù)靜電感應原理,對插入式靜電傳感器和感應式靜電傳感器數(shù)學模型進行分析。同時對兩種靜電傳感器的材料選型和結(jié)構(gòu)設計進行試驗分析,并比較兩類靜電傳感器優(yōu)缺點。(3)設計靜電信號處理電路,電路主要包括模擬電路和數(shù)字電路。模擬電路使用雙運算放大器LM358完成電荷電壓轉(zhuǎn)換、前級放大、濾波及信號極性調(diào)整等,采用PGA202和PGA203完成信號的二級放大。數(shù)字電路包括信號采集、存儲、顯示等。通過實驗驗證該靜電信號處理電路具有較高的信噪比和較強的抗干擾能力。(4)利用傅里葉變換法對微弱信號進行頻率檢測,并利用MATLAB進行仿真,對測量頻率進行誤差分析。(5)基于實驗室自主搭建的實驗平臺對兩類靜電傳感器進行測量驗證,檢驗兩類靜電傳感器測量的準確性、實時性、重復性,以及傳感器在實際應用中的抗干擾能力,并根據(jù)實驗數(shù)據(jù)分析兩類傳感器的測量誤差和優(yōu)缺點。
[Abstract]:Gas-solid two-phase flow technology has been widely used in industrial production, the detection of its flow parameters is an urgent problem to be solved in modern industry. At present, electrostatic method has been developed rapidly in gas-solid two-phase flow measurement. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, electrostatic sensor is used to measure the velocity and fineness of gas-solid two-phase flow. Electrostatic sensor has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient installation, low cost and high sensitivity, so it has great development potential in the future. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, two kinds of electrostatic sensors are designed: plug-in electrostatic sensor and inductive electrostatic sensor. By studying the performance characteristics of electrostatic sensors, the factors affecting the measurement accuracy of electrostatic sensors and the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of sensors are analyzed, and the electrostatic sensors are verified by experiments. The main contents are as follows: (1) analyzing the gas-solid two-phase flow model of thermal power plant, using PVC pipe, funnel, switch valve, valve grid, iron frame, copper film and other equipment to build the experimental platform in the laboratory. In order to verify the performance of electrostatic sensors. (2) according to the principle of electrostatic induction, the mathematical models of plug-in electrostatic sensors and inductive electrostatic sensors are analyzed. At the same time, the material selection and structure design of two kinds of electrostatic sensors are tested and analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are compared. (3) Electrostatic signal processing circuit is designed, which mainly includes analog circuit and digital circuit. The analog circuit uses double operational amplifier LM358 to complete charge-voltage conversion, pre-amplification, filtering and signal polarity adjustment, etc., and uses PGA202 and PGA203 to complete the second-stage amplification of the signal. Digital circuit includes signal acquisition, storage, display and so on. The experimental results show that the electrostatic signal processing circuit has high signal-to-noise ratio and strong anti-jamming ability. (4) Fourier transform method is used to detect the weak signal frequency, and MATLAB is used to simulate the circuit. The error analysis of the measurement frequency is carried out. (5) the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are measured and verified based on the experimental platform built by themselves in the laboratory, and the accuracy, real-time and repeatability of the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are tested. And the anti-jamming ability of the sensors in practical application, and the measurement errors, advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of sensors are analyzed according to the experimental data.
【學位授予單位】：西安理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212

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本文編號：2460269