【摘要】：脫粒清選裝置是玉米聯合收獲機的關鍵裝置,決定著收獲機的作業(yè)性能和效率。由于受到惡劣且多變的田間環(huán)境的影響,脫粒清選裝置的工作性能無法充分發(fā)揮,籽粒破碎率和損失量較高,且極易發(fā)生滾筒堵塞等故障現象。本文針對脫粒清選裝置工作過程中非線性、時變且滯后的特點,分析影響脫粒清選效果的主要因素。在此基礎上,以PLC為核心控制器,觸摸屏為監(jiān)測和控制界面,開發(fā)脫粒清選監(jiān)控系統,對關鍵參數進行監(jiān)測和預警,對液壓執(zhí)行元件參數進行調整,通過模糊控制得到作業(yè)速度改變量,對行走速度進行調整,使得脫粒清選裝置在保證可靠性的前提下充分發(fā)揮工作性能。研究脫粒清選原理,對影響脫粒清選效果的主要因素進行分析,主要包括滾筒轉速、脫粒間隙、喂入量、籽粒含水率、風機風量與出風口傾角、清選篩箱振動頻率與幅度、魚鱗篩開度等,針對這些影響因素,確定監(jiān)測量和控制量,制定脫粒清選監(jiān)控系統總體方案。研究模糊控制原理和模糊控制算法,設計以滾筒角速度偏差和偏差變化率為輸入、收獲機行走速度變化量為輸出的脫粒滾筒二維模糊控制器,結合實際操控經驗制定模糊推理規(guī)則,建立模糊控制查詢表,采用模糊控制算法對脫粒滾筒負荷進行控制。針對監(jiān)控系統方案進行硬件設計,主要包括水分傳感器、壓力傳感器、動態(tài)扭矩傳感器選型及布置,收獲機行走速度、滾筒轉速、風機轉速、篩箱驅動轉速等關鍵轉速檢測及調節(jié),脫粒間隙檢測及調節(jié),根據系統需求對PLC與觸摸屏進行選型,并對PLC輸入輸出端子進行合理分配。針對監(jiān)控系統流程進行軟件設計,主要包括數字量和模擬量傳感器采集關鍵參數的梯形圖程序,控制液壓執(zhí)行元件的梯形圖程序,實現模糊控制算法的梯形圖程序,開發(fā)觸摸屏,設計初始參數設置、關鍵參數采集及顯示、液壓執(zhí)行元件控制及報警等人機交互界面。運用MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox設計脫粒滾筒模糊控制器,通過Simulink對滾筒模糊控制進行建模并仿真,結果證明了應用模糊控制算法對滾筒進行負荷控制的正確性和可行性;搭建脫粒清選監(jiān)控系統實驗臺進行實驗,模擬各關鍵參數的采集、監(jiān)測及預警和各液壓元件的控制,證明了所開發(fā)的監(jiān)控系統的合理性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Threshing and cleaning device is the key device of corn combine harvester, which determines the performance and efficiency of the harvester. Because of the bad and changeable field environment, the working performance of the threshing and clearing device can not be brought into full play, the breakage rate and the loss amount of grain are high, and the fault phenomena such as drum clogging are easy to occur. In view of the characteristics of nonlinearity, time-varying and lag in the working process of threshing and cleaning device, the main factors influencing the threshing and cleaning effect are analyzed in this paper. On this basis, with PLC as the core controller and touch screen as the monitoring and control interface, a threshing and cleaning monitoring system is developed. The key parameters are monitored and forewarned, and the parameters of hydraulic actuator are adjusted. The operating speed is changed by fuzzy control and the walking speed is adjusted so that the threshing and cleaning device can give full play to its working performance under the premise of ensuring the reliability. The principle of threshing and cleaning is studied, and the main factors influencing the effect of threshing and cleaning are analyzed, including drum speed, threshing clearance, feed quantity, grain moisture content, fan air volume and outlet inclination angle, vibration frequency and amplitude of cleaning and screening box. In view of these influencing factors, the monitoring quantity and control quantity were determined, and the overall scheme of threshing and cleaning monitoring system was established. The fuzzy control principle and fuzzy control algorithm are studied. A two dimensional fuzzy controller for threshing drum is designed, which takes the angular velocity deviation and deviation rate as input and the speed change of harvester as output. The fuzzy inference rules are formulated based on the practical operation experience, the fuzzy control query table is established, and the threshing drum load is controlled by fuzzy control algorithm. The hardware design of monitoring system includes water sensor, pressure sensor, dynamic torque sensor selection and arrangement, harvester walking speed, drum speed, fan speed, etc. The key speed of screen box driving speed and so on are detected and adjusted, the threshing clearance is detected and adjusted, the PLC and touch screen are selected according to the system requirement, and the input and output terminals of PLC are allocated reasonably. According to the software design of the monitoring system, it mainly includes the trapezoidal diagram program of digital and analog sensor collecting key parameters, the trapezoidal diagram program of controlling hydraulic executive element, and the trapezoidal diagram program of fuzzy control algorithm. Develop touch screen, design initial parameter setting, key parameter acquisition and display, hydraulic actuator control and alarm man-machine interactive interface. The fuzzy controller of threshing drum is designed by MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, and the fuzzy control of drum is modeled and simulated by Simulink. The results show that the fuzzy control algorithm is correct and feasible. The experiment bench was built to simulate the collection, monitoring and warning of the key parameters and the control of the hydraulic components, which proved the rationality and effectiveness of the developed monitoring system.
【學位授予單位】：濟南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S225.51;TP277

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