【摘要】：我國是世界第一蘋果生產(chǎn)大國,蘋果的迅速商品化使得大量蘋果在國內(nèi)異地銷售和進(jìn)行國際貿(mào)易,蘋果由于其自身質(zhì)地脆嫩,在采摘、裝箱、運(yùn)輸、貯藏以及深加工的所有環(huán)節(jié)中造成機(jī)械損傷,蘋果運(yùn)輸過程中的機(jī)械損傷是造成其大量損耗的主要原因之一,發(fā)泡塑料網(wǎng)作緩沖包裝時,可有效地降低蘋果損傷率。目前,蘋果在采收后立刻使用網(wǎng)套對蘋果進(jìn)行保護(hù)是有效避免機(jī)械損傷的重要方式,但是該工序都是由人工完成的,隨著產(chǎn)量的增加和人工成本的增加,以及對蘋果包裝自動化程度要求的提高,設(shè)計一款能夠自動實現(xiàn)蘋果快速套網(wǎng)的裝備勢在必行。蘋果套網(wǎng)裝置為基于PLC為控制核心的集機(jī)、電、氣、光一體化設(shè)備,蘋果進(jìn)入裝置的定位輸送機(jī)構(gòu),能夠在定位盤快速實現(xiàn)果梗垂直于水平面的定位,以確保發(fā)泡網(wǎng)套住抗壓強(qiáng)度最小的蘋果果腹部位;蘋果定位之后,套網(wǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)由PLC根據(jù)所測的光電信號及各種位置信號來控制套網(wǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)各部分動作,代替人工作業(yè)實現(xiàn)給蘋果套發(fā)泡網(wǎng)工序的自動化,有效地提高了套網(wǎng)的效率。本文對蘋果套網(wǎng)裝置進(jìn)行了的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計,主要包括定位輸送機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計、套網(wǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)的各工作單元的設(shè)計,以及整機(jī)的裝配。對蘋果套網(wǎng)裝置進(jìn)行氣動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計,氣動控制回路圖中各電磁閥線圈采用PLC技術(shù)進(jìn)行控制,完成的設(shè)計工作包括氣動元件的計算選型、氣動回路設(shè)計、氣動回路動態(tài)特性模擬等。裝置采用三菱FX2N系列PLC作為控制核心,利用光電傳感器檢測蘋果是否到位,通過固態(tài)繼電器SSR來控制電磁離合器的分離與接合,進(jìn)而控制定位輸送機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。分析蘋果套網(wǎng)裝置工藝控制要求,確定了蘋果套網(wǎng)裝置的動作流程及工作原理。進(jìn)行電氣控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計,設(shè)計了操作盤,繪制系統(tǒng)接線圖,列出控制系統(tǒng)I/O表,根據(jù)蘋果套網(wǎng)裝置的控制邏輯,編寫梯形圖程序并進(jìn)行仿真調(diào)試。
[Abstract]:China is the world's largest apple producer, and the rapid commercialization of apples has led to the sale and international trade of a large number of apples in different parts of the country. Because of their crisp texture, apples are being picked, packed and transported. Mechanical damage is caused in all parts of storage and deep processing. Mechanical damage during apple transportation is one of the main reasons for the loss. When foam plastic mesh is used as buffer packaging, the damage rate of apple can be effectively reduced. At present, it is an important way for apple to protect itself from mechanical damage by using net cover immediately after harvest, but the process is done manually, as the output increases and the labor cost increases. It is imperative to design a kind of equipment that can automatically realize Apple's fast net. Apple netting device is an integrated device of collector, electricity, gas and light based on PLC as the control core, and the positioning and transportation mechanism of apple entering device, which can quickly realize the vertical positioning of fruit stem to horizontal plane in the positioning disk. In order to ensure that the foaming net covers the web of the apple with the lowest compressive strength, after the apple is positioned, the PLC controls each part of the net mechanism according to the measured photoelectric signals and various position signals. Instead of manual work, the automation of foaming net for apple was realized, and the efficiency of the net was improved effectively. In this paper, the design of the mechanical system of the Apple netting device is presented, including the design of the positioning conveying mechanism, the design of the work units of the latticed mechanism and the assembly of the whole machine. The pneumatic system is designed for the Apple latticed device. In the pneumatic control circuit diagram, the solenoid valve coils are controlled by PLC technology. The design work includes the calculation and selection of the pneumatic components, the design of the pneumatic loop, and the design of the pneumatic circuit. Simulation of dynamic characteristics of pneumatic loop, etc. The device adopts Mitsubishi FX2N series PLC as the control core, uses the photoelectric sensor to detect whether the apple is in place, and controls the separation and joint of the electromagnetic clutch through the solid-state relay SSR, and then controls the running state of the positioning conveying mechanism. The process control requirements of Apple netting device are analyzed, and the action flow and working principle of Apple netting device are determined. The hardware and software of the electric control system are designed, the operating plate is designed, the system wiring diagram is drawn up, and the I / O table of the control system is listed. According to the control logic of the Apple netting device, the trapezoidal diagram program is compiled and simulated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S661.1;TP273

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