【摘要】：在國(guó)防事業(yè)的建設(shè)中,隨著彈藥武器的快速發(fā)展,在評(píng)估彈藥爆炸時(shí)所產(chǎn)生溫度場(chǎng)的熱效應(yīng)方面,對(duì)爆溫測(cè)試技術(shù)提出了更高的要求。由于爆炸時(shí)產(chǎn)生火球的溫度峰值高、作用時(shí)間短、變化劇烈,且其他強(qiáng)干擾元素頗多,因此爆溫測(cè)試面臨難題。經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,在進(jìn)行爆溫測(cè)試時(shí),如果采用非接觸式測(cè)溫方式,則會(huì)因很難獲得爆炸產(chǎn)物實(shí)際的發(fā)射率而使測(cè)試結(jié)果偏差很大,因此目前多采用以熱電偶測(cè)溫為主的接觸式測(cè)溫方式。由于傳感器本身的熱慣性及有限的熱傳導(dǎo)作用,用熱電偶進(jìn)行瞬態(tài)高溫測(cè)試時(shí),也會(huì)使熱電偶的測(cè)量值與被測(cè)對(duì)象的真實(shí)值之間存在動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)誤差,而誤差的大小與熱電偶溫度傳感器在相應(yīng)溫度場(chǎng)中的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)特性息息相關(guān)。本文針對(duì)火焰溫度場(chǎng)環(huán)境下的瞬態(tài)高溫測(cè)試,基于接觸式測(cè)溫理論,提出了一種熱電偶溫度傳感器動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)特性的分析方法——高溫火焰法。首先用此方法在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下獲取了熱電偶的時(shí)間常數(shù),也即熱電偶在火焰溫度場(chǎng)中的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)特性。然后在熱電偶的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)特性無法滿足爆溫測(cè)試要求的情況下,用高溫火焰法所得結(jié)果,基于系統(tǒng)逆建模的思想,在MATLAB環(huán)境下采用粒子群優(yōu)化算法(PSO)建立了熱電偶溫度傳感器的動(dòng)態(tài)補(bǔ)償濾波器模型,對(duì)此熱電偶在火焰溫度場(chǎng)中的動(dòng)態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)償。繼而以FPGA為核心,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了用于瞬態(tài)高溫測(cè)試的存儲(chǔ)式溫度測(cè)試系統(tǒng),并將所設(shè)計(jì)的測(cè)試系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用到爆炸現(xiàn)場(chǎng),獲得了彈藥爆炸時(shí)火球溫度的測(cè)量值。最后在此基礎(chǔ)上,用所建立的熱電偶溫度傳感器的動(dòng)態(tài)補(bǔ)償濾波器模型對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了修正,從而得到了彈藥爆炸時(shí)火球溫度的補(bǔ)償值。本文提出的高溫火焰法對(duì)于評(píng)估傳感器在火焰溫度場(chǎng)中實(shí)際的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)特性有一定的參考價(jià)值,所用數(shù)據(jù)處理方式對(duì)消除動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試中的部分誤差因子也有著重要的作用。本文設(shè)計(jì)的瞬態(tài)高溫測(cè)試系統(tǒng)不僅能滿足爆溫測(cè)試要求,而且性能可靠、使用方便,測(cè)試所得爆炸現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的動(dòng)態(tài)補(bǔ)償結(jié)果也可為彈藥的研制和威力評(píng)估等提供可靠的實(shí)測(cè)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In the construction of national defense, with the rapid development of ammunition weapons, a higher requirement is put forward for the test technology of explosion temperature in evaluating the thermal effect of the temperature field produced by the explosion of ammunition. Because of the high peak temperature of the fireball produced during explosion, the short action time, the sharp change, and many other strong interfering elements, it is difficult to test the detonation temperature. Experience shows that, if non-contact temperature measurement is used, the actual emissivity of the explosive product will be difficult to obtain and the test results will deviate greatly. Therefore, the current use of thermocouple temperature-based contact temperature measurement. Because of the thermal inertia and limited heat conduction of the sensor itself, the dynamic response error between the measured value of the thermocouple and the real value of the object will also exist when the thermocouple is used for transient high temperature measurement. The magnitude of the error is closely related to the dynamic response of the thermocouple temperature sensor in the corresponding temperature field. In this paper, based on the theory of contact temperature measurement, a method for analyzing the dynamic response of thermocouple temperature sensor is proposed, which is called high temperature flame method. Firstly, the time constant of the thermocouple is obtained by this method in the laboratory, that is, the dynamic response of the thermocouple in the flame temperature field. Then when the dynamic response characteristics of the thermocouple can not meet the test requirements of explosion temperature, the results obtained by the high temperature flame method are based on the idea of inverse modeling of the system. The dynamic compensation filter model of thermocouple temperature sensor is established by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in MATLAB environment, and the dynamic characteristics of thermocouple in flame temperature field are compensated. Then, a storage temperature test system for transient high temperature test is designed and implemented with FPGA as the core. The designed test system is applied to the explosion site, and the measuring value of the fireball temperature is obtained when the ammunition explodes. On this basis, the dynamic compensation filter model of the thermocouple temperature sensor is used to modify the field measured data, and the compensation value of the fireball temperature during the explosion of the ammunition is obtained. The high temperature flame method proposed in this paper has certain reference value for evaluating the actual dynamic response characteristics of the sensor in the flame temperature field. The data processing method used in this paper also plays an important role in eliminating some error factors in the dynamic test. The transient high temperature test system designed in this paper can not only meet the test requirements of explosion temperature, but also has reliable performance and convenient use. The dynamic compensation results of explosion field test data can also provide reliable experimental data for ammunition development and power evaluation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212

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