【摘要】：鋼軌軌廓的高精度檢測(cè)是鋼軌廓形、磨耗精確測(cè)量的基礎(chǔ)�？焖佘壚獌x是一種利用多個(gè)線結(jié)構(gòu)光平面共面安裝的二維激光攝像式傳感器組合進(jìn)行鋼軌軌廓非接觸檢測(cè)的典型方法。各激光傳感器嚴(yán)格對(duì)稱(chēng)安裝是保證各傳感器數(shù)據(jù)正確搭接、保證快速軌廓儀測(cè)量精度的關(guān)鍵,這會(huì)增加測(cè)量系統(tǒng)制造、裝配與調(diào)試的困難。為了降低對(duì)稱(chēng)性對(duì)測(cè)量精度的影響,對(duì)傳感器線結(jié)構(gòu)光平面進(jìn)行標(biāo)定是一種可行的解決方案。在分析與總結(jié)現(xiàn)有的線結(jié)構(gòu)光平面共面法標(biāo)定方法的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出一種新型的線結(jié)構(gòu)光平面標(biāo)定法—等高線法,該方法以00級(jí)平面度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量塊為基準(zhǔn),等間距提取適量的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn),通過(guò)角度變換,并采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法對(duì)其進(jìn)行非線性迭代使它們處于同一等高線上。標(biāo)定試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,等高線標(biāo)定法重復(fù)性可達(dá)0.00133°,標(biāo)定后的軌廓儀檢測(cè)精度可達(dá)7.7?m,且具有設(shè)備要求低、操作簡(jiǎn)單的特點(diǎn)。通常,快速軌廓儀安裝在軌檢車(chē)上,通過(guò)實(shí)際檢測(cè)鋼的軌軌廓標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鋼軌軌廓匹配可實(shí)現(xiàn)鋼軌廓形、磨耗的連續(xù)、快速精確測(cè)量。在鋼軌軌廓檢測(cè)過(guò)程中,由于軌道不平順會(huì)引起軌檢車(chē)振動(dòng)、蛇行、側(cè)傾、扭曲等,導(dǎo)致激光攝像式傳感器采集的數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)法直接進(jìn)行鋼軌軌廓的匹配。為解決車(chē)體振動(dòng)對(duì)鋼軌軌廓匹配帶來(lái)的影響,本文提出一種基于鋼軌固有幾何特性的軌廓匹配方法。用已標(biāo)定的線激光傳感器獲取鋼軌軌廓的空間位置信息;利用Hough變換檢測(cè)鋼軌外側(cè)軌頭曲率半徑為13 mm和內(nèi)、外側(cè)軌腰處曲率半徑為20 mm的圓弧曲線,采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法擬合出這3處圓弧曲線所在圓的圓心坐標(biāo)作為3個(gè)特征點(diǎn)進(jìn)行鋼軌軌廓匹配;選其中2個(gè)特征點(diǎn)作為匹配參考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行旋轉(zhuǎn)加平移變換實(shí)現(xiàn)與對(duì)應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)特征點(diǎn)匹配,求出側(cè)傾角消除車(chē)體側(cè)傾和振動(dòng)問(wèn)題,該方法的匹配精度高達(dá)0.047 mm。不共線的三個(gè)圓心確定一個(gè)平面實(shí)現(xiàn)鋼軌軌廓的高精度匹配,在UI界面,對(duì)檢測(cè)鋼軌軌廓擬合的圖形與預(yù)設(shè)置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌廓圖形沒(méi)有錯(cuò)位現(xiàn)象,同時(shí)該匹配方法已經(jīng)在江西日月明軌道檢測(cè)小車(chē)上得到驗(yàn)證�？焖俑呔鹊臋z測(cè)鋼軌軌廓對(duì)提高列車(chē)運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)性,制定合理科學(xué)的鋼軌軌廓修復(fù)策略有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The high precision measurement of rail profile is the basis of accurate measurement of rail profile and wear. The fast rail profiler is a typical method of non-contact detection of rail profile using a combination of two dimensional laser camera sensors mounted on multiple line structured light planes. Strictly symmetrical installation of laser sensors is the key to ensure the correct overlap of the sensor data and ensure the measuring accuracy of the fast rail profiler, which will increase the difficulties of manufacturing, assembling and debugging of the measuring system. In order to reduce the effect of symmetry on the measurement accuracy, calibration of the structured light plane of the sensor line is a feasible solution. On the basis of analyzing and summing up the existing calibration methods of line-structured light plane coplanar method, this paper presents a new line-structured light plane calibration method-contour method, which is based on the standard block of 00 grade flatness. The equal-distance data points are extracted, and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is applied to the nonlinear iteration to make them at the same contour by angle transformation. The results of calibration test show that the repeatability of the contour calibration method can reach 0.00133 擄, the precision of the calibrated rail profiler can reach 7.7 m, and it has the characteristics of low equipment requirement and simple operation. Usually, the fast rail profiler is installed on the rail inspection vehicle, and the continuous, fast and accurate measurement of the rail profile and wear can be realized by the matching of the standard rail profile of the steel rail profile. In the course of rail profile detection, track irregularity will cause vibration, snake, roll, distortion and so on, so the data collected by laser camera sensor can not directly match rail profile. In order to solve the influence of car body vibration on rail profile matching, a rail profile matching method based on the inherent geometric characteristics of rail is proposed in this paper. The space position information of rail profile is obtained by using the calibrated line laser sensor, and the arc curve with the curvature radius of 13 mm for the outside rail head and 20 mm for the inner and outer rail waist is detected by Hough transform. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to fit the circular center coordinates of the three arcs as three feature points for rail profile matching, and two of them are selected as reference points for rotation and translation transformation to match the corresponding standard feature points. The problem of car body roll and vibration is eliminated by calculating the angle of side inclination. The matching accuracy of this method is up to 0.047 mm.. The three centers of non-collinear circle determine a plane to achieve the high precision matching of rail profile. In the UI interface, there is no dislocation between the fitting figure of rail profile and the pre-set standard rail profile. At the same time, the matching method has been verified on the track detection vehicle of Jiangxi Sun, Moon and Ming. Rapid and high precision rail profile detection is of great significance to improve the train running stability and establish a reasonable and scientific repair strategy of rail profile.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U216.3;TP212

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 康高強(qiáng);李春茂;秦莉娟;馬俊;;一種鋼軌動(dòng)態(tài)輪廓數(shù)據(jù)校準(zhǔn)方法研究[J];傳感技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào);2015年02期

2 徐濟(jì)松;高春雷;王發(fā)燈;;鋼軌斷面輪廓檢測(cè)技術(shù)研究[J];鐵道建筑;2015年01期

3 占棟;于龍;邱存勇;肖建;陳唐龍;;鋼軌輪廓測(cè)量中的車(chē)體振動(dòng)補(bǔ)償問(wèn)題研究[J];儀器儀表學(xué)報(bào);2013年07期

4 華長(zhǎng)權(quán);寇東華;付石林;徐遠(yuǎn)中;;幾種鋼軌磨損檢測(cè)方法和儀器的對(duì)比分析[J];中國(guó)鐵路;2013年04期

5 楊強(qiáng);林建輝;丁建明;農(nóng)漢彪;;基于二維激光位移傳感器和遺傳算法的鋼軌磨耗動(dòng)態(tài)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)[J];中國(guó)鐵路;2012年06期

6 魏世斌;李穎;趙延峰;陳春雷;;GJ-6型軌道檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與研制[J];鐵道建筑;2012年02期

7 魏勝民;;高速鐵路鋼軌短波不平順檢測(cè)研究[J];中國(guó)鐵路;2011年06期

8 吳興華;;鋼軌斷面測(cè)量系統(tǒng)在軌道動(dòng)態(tài)檢測(cè)中的應(yīng)用[J];上海鐵道科技;2010年04期

9 唐戍;王方程;李曉東;蘇大鵬;;基于激光三角法原理的輪對(duì)幾何參數(shù)自動(dòng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)[J];機(jī)械工程師;2009年07期

10 劉國(guó)棟;吳振林;韋進(jìn)強(qiáng);;一種基于CIS傳感器的外輪廓掃描系統(tǒng)[J];機(jī)械;2009年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 吳曉峰;超精密激光三維測(cè)量與控制技術(shù)研究[D];天津大學(xué);2007年

2 王宗義;線結(jié)構(gòu)光視覺(jué)傳感器與水下三維探測(cè)[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2005年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前7條

1 徐清霞;基于幾何特征的鋼軌磨耗檢測(cè)算法研究[D];上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué);2015年

2 李文寶;鋼軌磨耗檢測(cè)與列車(chē)定位技術(shù)研究[D];西南交通大學(xué);2013年

3 王立鋼;激光在線掃描測(cè)厚系統(tǒng)研究[D];華南理工大學(xué);2012年

4 史增輝;鋼軌表面擦傷光學(xué)檢測(cè)方法的研究[D];北京交通大學(xué);2009年

5 李真花;鋼軌斷面高精度動(dòng)態(tài)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)[D];北京交通大學(xué);2008年

6 林娜;激光視覺(jué)三維測(cè)量及其標(biāo)定技術(shù)的研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2007年

7 卓紅俞;手推式鋼軌外形尺寸圖像檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)[D];西南交通大學(xué);2005年

，

本文編號(hào)：2210571