【摘要】：小水電是當(dāng)前技術(shù)最成熟、經(jīng)濟(jì)性最好的可再生能源,開(kāi)展農(nóng)村小水電水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組在線(xiàn)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)研究,可以有效地通過(guò)振動(dòng)信息分析來(lái)幫助機(jī)組提高運(yùn)行效率,為水電站的經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)和安全運(yùn)行提供了可靠的輔助手段,對(duì)發(fā)展農(nóng)村小水電具有實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義。水電站的水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組是電能轉(zhuǎn)換裝置,其運(yùn)行狀態(tài)關(guān)系到水電站是否能夠安全經(jīng)濟(jì)而有效率的供電。就農(nóng)村小水電水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與應(yīng)用技術(shù)而言,實(shí)現(xiàn)低成本、高效率的機(jī)組在線(xiàn)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),提高運(yùn)行維護(hù)的提前性與針對(duì)性,對(duì)于農(nóng)村小水電的發(fā)展是十分必要的。本文論述了在線(xiàn)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的重要意義與目的,詳細(xì)描述了目前國(guó)內(nèi)外小水電水輪機(jī)組研究現(xiàn)狀,為系統(tǒng)軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)與思考方向。小水電自身有著機(jī)組小、容量小、調(diào)試安裝簡(jiǎn)單的特點(diǎn),因其產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)對(duì)電網(wǎng)影響較小,所以在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中得不到過(guò)多的重視。對(duì)小水電的振動(dòng)問(wèn)題關(guān)注較少,加上其設(shè)計(jì)工況不優(yōu)頻頻出現(xiàn)振動(dòng)問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致小水電站生產(chǎn)效率過(guò)低。以往的監(jiān)控平臺(tái)在數(shù)據(jù)采集及分析技術(shù)上已經(jīng)相當(dāng)成熟,基本上都是通過(guò)振動(dòng)信息的頻譜分析來(lái)確定振動(dòng)來(lái)源,但在解決問(wèn)題上,由于每一個(gè)水電站的特性,每個(gè)機(jī)組解決方法都無(wú)法相同,而有關(guān)于解決機(jī)組優(yōu)化運(yùn)行這個(gè)問(wèn)題的研究成果并不太多,且目前此類(lèi)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口及國(guó)產(chǎn)價(jià)格都比較高,因此本文提出了一種低成本的小水電機(jī)組在線(xiàn)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。這種低成本水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組在線(xiàn)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),通過(guò)頻域與時(shí)域兩個(gè)方面分析找出機(jī)組振動(dòng)趨勢(shì)與規(guī)律,通過(guò)狀態(tài)分析實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)診斷,使得對(duì)維修點(diǎn)做出針對(duì)性的準(zhǔn)確判斷并進(jìn)行及時(shí)維護(hù),減小水電站的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失與安全隱患。在機(jī)組振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)的采集、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)建立等系統(tǒng)的軟硬件結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),將水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行信息進(jìn)行可視化,通過(guò)專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)的診斷與預(yù)警功能,完成對(duì)水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組的在線(xiàn)監(jiān)測(cè),實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村小水電站的智能運(yùn)行。基于上述系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),本文通過(guò)在廣西三岔水電站的實(shí)際應(yīng)用為例,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示了該系統(tǒng)的可行性,通過(guò)對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算和分析,該應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)有效地幫助機(jī)組提高運(yùn)行效率,為水電站的安全生產(chǎn)和效率提高提供了可靠的輔助手段,對(duì)促進(jìn)農(nóng)村小水電發(fā)展有一定的實(shí)際意義。在文章結(jié)尾對(duì)本文的研究成果進(jìn)行總結(jié)與展望,討論了實(shí)際發(fā)展中以及該系統(tǒng)還需改進(jìn)的問(wèn)題,并明確今后的發(fā)展目標(biāo)與方向。
[Abstract]:Small hydropower is the most mature and economical renewable energy at present. The research on on-line monitoring system of small hydropower turbine generator set in rural areas can effectively help the unit to improve its operating efficiency through vibration information analysis. It provides reliable auxiliary means for economic production and safe operation of hydropower stations, and has practical guiding significance for the development of small hydropower stations in rural areas. The hydroelectric generating unit of hydropower station is a power conversion device, and its operation state is related to the safe, economical and efficient power supply of the hydropower station. As far as the development and application technology of rural small hydropower turbine generator is concerned, it is necessary for the development of rural small hydropower unit to realize the low cost and high efficiency unit on-line monitoring system and to improve the advance and pertinence of operation and maintenance. This paper discusses the significance and purpose of on-line monitoring and control system, describes in detail the present research situation of small hydropower turbine sets at home and abroad, and lays a theoretical foundation and thinking direction for the design of system hardware and software. Small hydropower has the characteristics of small unit, small capacity, simple debugging and installation, because of its vibration has little influence on the power network, so it can not be paid too much attention in actual production. Little attention has been paid to the vibration problems of small hydropower stations, and the frequent vibration problems caused by the poor design conditions lead to the low production efficiency of small hydropower stations. In the past, the monitoring platform has been quite mature in data acquisition and analysis technology. Basically, the vibration source is determined by spectrum analysis of vibration information. However, in solving the problem, because of the characteristics of each hydropower station, The solutions for each unit are not the same, but there are not many research results on solving the problem of optimal operation of the units, and at present the import and domestic prices of such products are relatively high. Therefore, this paper presents a low-cost on-line monitoring system for small hydropower units. The on-line monitoring system of low cost hydrogenerator sets is analyzed in frequency domain and time domain to find out the vibration trend and law of the unit, and to realize pre-diagnosis by state analysis. It makes the maintenance point accurate judgment and timely maintenance to reduce the economic loss and safety hidden trouble of hydropower station. Based on the software and hardware structure of the system, such as the collection, transmission and database establishment of the unit vibration data, the operation information of the turbine generator set is visualized, and the diagnosis and early warning function of the expert system is adopted. The on-line monitoring of hydroelectric generating units is completed, and the intelligent operation of small hydropower stations in rural areas is realized. Based on the design of the above system, through the practical application of Sancha Hydropower Station in Guangxi as an example, the experimental results show the feasibility of the system, and through the calculation and analysis of the monitoring data, The application system can effectively help the unit to improve its operational efficiency, provide reliable auxiliary means for the safe production and efficiency improvement of hydropower stations, and have certain practical significance for promoting the development of small hydropower stations in rural areas. At the end of the paper, the research results of this paper are summarized and prospected, and the problems that need to be improved in the actual development and the system are discussed, and the development goal and direction in the future are defined.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP277;S24

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本文編號(hào)：2210156