本文選題：振蕩天平法 + 煙塵濃度�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國各行各業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展,空氣質(zhì)量越來越差,嚴(yán)重威脅著大家的身體健康,因而引起了廣泛的關(guān)注和重視。固定污染源排放是大氣污染的主要因素之一,它是我國環(huán)保部門重點(diǎn)監(jiān)測的一項(xiàng)指標(biāo)。為滿足國家對固定污染源超低濃度排放監(jiān)測的要求,本文提出一種基于振蕩天平法的煙塵濃度在線監(jiān)測裝置,其核心思想是利用物體固有頻率與其自身的質(zhì)量間有某種固定的函數(shù)關(guān)系,確定了物體的固有頻率就可以間接得到物體的重量。用高精度頻率測量電路對煙塵采樣前后振蕩管的固有頻率進(jìn)行測量,通過計(jì)算得到采樣煙氣中含有的煙塵顆粒物的質(zhì)量。本文的主要工作如下:(1)基于振蕩天平法煙塵濃度在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。其煙塵采樣部分利用模糊PID算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對煙道煙氣的等流速采樣。其煙塵連續(xù)稱重部分采用振蕩天平法的原理,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對煙塵顆粒物的精確連續(xù)稱量。其煙塵樣氣檢測部分實(shí)現(xiàn)了對采樣煙氣體積的溫壓補(bǔ)償和氧含量折算。其數(shù)據(jù)顯示部分實(shí)現(xiàn)了對煙塵濃度等關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時監(jiān)測,并且提供歷史曲線和數(shù)據(jù)報表等。該系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了對超低濃度排放下煙塵濃度的實(shí)時監(jiān)測。(2)利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS對振蕩天平法質(zhì)量傳感器的核心元件振蕩管進(jìn)行了動力學(xué)建模和仿真。對不同參數(shù)下振蕩管的振蕩特性進(jìn)行了細(xì)致仿真,得到了各種參數(shù)與振蕩特性之間的關(guān)系,確定了振蕩管結(jié)構(gòu)的最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)方案,該方案下的振蕩管測量靈敏度很高,滿足對超低濃度檢測的要求。(3)設(shè)計(jì)了振蕩天平法質(zhì)量傳感器的硬件電路。利用DDS芯片AD9832來生成頻率可調(diào)節(jié)的激勵信號。用相位差檢測的方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)對振蕩管固有頻率的捕捉測量,頻率測量電路的精度影響著質(zhì)量傳感器稱量的精確度。根據(jù)等精度測頻法的原理,利用具有100MHz晶振的FPGA,來實(shí)現(xiàn)對檢測信號頻率的測量,其測量精度可以達(dá)到0.001Hz。通過將振蕩天平法質(zhì)量傳感器與分析天平進(jìn)行比對,測量數(shù)據(jù)相對誤差較低,能夠精確稱量0.1mg的煙塵顆粒物。將該質(zhì)量傳感器模塊加入到煙塵濃度在線監(jiān)測裝置中,測量結(jié)果與離線式的濾膜稱重采樣法的測量結(jié)果具有較高的一致性。說明本文的基于振蕩天平法的煙塵濃度在線監(jiān)測裝置具有使用價值,相信經(jīng)過不斷探索和改進(jìn),該產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用前景十分廣泛,能應(yīng)用在工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)以及社會生活的有關(guān)環(huán)境質(zhì)量檢測的領(lǐng)域中去。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of various industries in China, the air quality is getting worse and worse. The emission of fixed pollution source is one of the main factors of air pollution, and it is a key monitoring index of environmental protection department in China. In order to meet the requirements of the national monitoring of ultra-low concentration emissions from stationary pollution sources, an on-line monitoring device for smoke and dust concentration based on oscillatory balance method is proposed in this paper. Its core idea is to make use of the fixed function relationship between the natural frequency and the mass of the object, and determine the inherent frequency of the object can indirectly get the weight of the object. High precision frequency measurement circuit is used to measure the natural frequency of the oscillating pipe before and after the smoke sampling, and the quality of the smoke particles contained in the sampled flue gas is obtained by calculation. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the design of on-line monitoring system of smoke concentration based on oscillatory balance method. In the part of smoke sampling, fuzzy pid algorithm is used to realize the equal velocity sampling of flue gas. The principle of oscillatory balance method is used in the continuous weighing of smoke and dust, and the accurate and continuous weighing of smoke particles is realized. The temperature and pressure compensation and the conversion of oxygen content to the sample smoke volume are realized in the smoke sample gas detection part. The data display part realizes the real-time monitoring of the key data, such as smoke and dust concentration, and provides historical curves and data reports. The system realizes the real-time monitoring of smoke concentration under ultra-low concentration emission. (2) the dynamic modeling and simulation of the oscillation tube, the core component of the mass sensor of the oscillating balance method, are carried out by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The oscillation characteristics of the oscillating tube under different parameters are simulated in detail, the relationship between the parameters and the oscillation characteristics is obtained, and the optimal design scheme of the oscillating tube structure is determined. The measurement sensitivity of the oscillating tube under this scheme is very high. It meets the requirements of ultra-low concentration detection. (3) the hardware circuit of the mass sensor with oscillating balance method is designed. DDS chip AD9832 is used to generate frequency adjustable excitation signal. The method of phase difference detection is used to capture and measure the natural frequency of oscillating tube. The precision of frequency measuring circuit affects the accuracy of weighing of mass sensor. According to the principle of equal precision frequency measurement, FPGA with 100MHz crystal oscillator is used to measure the frequency of detection signal. The measuring accuracy can reach 0.001Hz. By comparing the oscillatory balance mass sensor with the analytical balance, the relative error of the measured data is relatively low, and the smoke particles of 0.1mg can be accurately weighed. When the mass sensor module is added to the on-line monitoring device of smoke concentration, the measured results are in good agreement with those obtained by the off-line filter weighing resampling method. The results show that the on-line monitoring device of smoke and dust concentration based on oscillatory balance method has practical value. It is believed that the product has a wide application prospect and can be used in industry after continuous exploration and improvement. Agriculture and social life in the field of environmental quality testing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP274

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