本文選題：灌區(qū) + 磁致伸縮傳感器�。� 參考：《西北農林科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球工農業(yè)生產和城市的發(fā)展,水資源緊缺已經是一個全球性的問題。我國的農業(yè)灌溉用水占據(jù)全國總用水量的60%以上,但是灌溉水利用系數(shù)平均不足0.5,為了實現(xiàn)灌區(qū)節(jié)約用水和科學用水,對用水進行精確測量顯得尤為重要。傳統(tǒng)的測量工具已經無法滿足灌區(qū)對實時用水情況的需要,因此對水情的自動化測量成為一種趨勢。本文在對灌區(qū)水位流量測量技術的發(fā)展、研究現(xiàn)狀的分析基礎上,結合目前灌區(qū)的特點,設計開發(fā)了高精度、低成本的磁致伸縮水位傳感器,并基于磁致伸縮水位傳感器研究了灌區(qū)渠道水位流量采集系統(tǒng)。取得主要進展如下:(1)磁致伸縮水位傳感器開發(fā)。根據(jù)灌區(qū)渠道水位測量要求,設計傳感器頭部外殼、金屬探測桿外形、活動浮子形狀和大小、線圈骨架等的機械機構。通過對激勵脈沖參數(shù)的分析,確定選用方波單脈沖,并確定了脈沖的幅值、寬度等參數(shù),最終采用單片機引腳模擬激勵脈沖、電荷泵升壓電路和場效管電路組成激勵放大電路。針對微弱回波信號,通過對回波檢測線圈結構和回波信號的分析,最終確定采用AD8420放大器和比較整形電路組成回波信號處理電路,將回波信號調制成幅值為5V的方波信號�；诠鄥^(qū)水位測量精度的要求,采用D觸發(fā)器、與非門和單片機構成計時電路,將激勵脈沖與回波信號之間時間間隔調制成PWM波形,便于準確計時。最后設計單片機外圍電路。完成各個模塊的硬件電路后,采用C語言編寫傳感器程序,實現(xiàn)水位測量。本傳感器具有精度高、功耗低、穩(wěn)定可靠的特點。(2)灌區(qū)渠道水位流量采集系統(tǒng)。選用梯形渠道作為本研究的典型渠道,利用自主研制的磁致伸縮水位傳感器作為灌區(qū)渠道水位采集傳感器,通過GPRS無線傳輸設備WG-8010 GPRS DTU將水位信息發(fā)送到遠程云服務,并在遠程云服務器上根據(jù)擬合的水位-流量公式計算出相應的流量值,將數(shù)據(jù)保存到云服務的My SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫中,同時設計數(shù)據(jù)采集器將傳感器數(shù)據(jù)進行本地SD卡存儲。為方便管理人員隨時登錄查看水情趨勢和下載歷史數(shù)據(jù),設計基于Linux云服務器的灌區(qū)渠道水位流量采集系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)站。本文綜合應用了傳感器技術、GPRS無線傳輸技術、My SQL技術和云服務器技術,設計開發(fā)了一套能夠遠程實時監(jiān)測灌區(qū)水位流量的系統(tǒng)。經過整體測試證實,系統(tǒng)運行穩(wěn)定可靠,測量精度高,成本低,能適用于灌區(qū)渠道水位的測量,擁有比較高的應用價值。
[Abstract]:With the development of global agriculture and industry, water shortage is a global problem. Agricultural irrigation water in China accounts for more than 60% of the total water consumption in China, but the average utilization coefficient of irrigation water is less than 0.5. In order to save water and use water scientifically, it is very important to measure water accurately. The traditional measurement tools can not meet the need of real-time water use in irrigation areas, so the automatic measurement of water regime has become a trend. Based on the development of water level and discharge measurement technology in irrigation area and the analysis of the present situation, a magnetostrictive water level sensor with high precision and low cost is designed and developed based on the characteristics of the irrigation area at present. Based on the magnetostrictive water level sensor, the collection system of water level and discharge in irrigation area is studied. The main progress is as follows: 1) Development of magnetostrictive water level sensor. According to the requirement of water level measurement in irrigation area, the mechanical mechanism of sensor head shell, shape of metal probe rod, shape and size of floating float, coil skeleton and so on is designed. Through the analysis of the excitation pulse parameters, the square wave single pulse is selected, and the amplitude and width of the pulse are determined. Finally, the single chip microcomputer pin is used to simulate the excitation pulse, the charge pump boost circuit and the field effect tube circuit are used to compose the excitation and amplification circuit. Based on the analysis of the structure of the echo detection coil and the echo signal, the AD8420 amplifier and the comparison shaping circuit are used to form the echo signal processing circuit. The echo signal is modulated into the square wave signal with the amplitude of 5 V. Based on the requirement of precision of water level measurement in irrigation area, D flip-flop, non-gate and single-chip microcomputer are used to compose timing circuit. The time interval between excitation pulse and echo signal is modulated into PWM waveform, which is convenient for accurate timing. Finally, the peripheral circuit of single chip microcomputer is designed. After the completion of the hardware circuit of each module, C language is used to write the sensor program to realize water level measurement. The sensor has the characteristics of high precision, low power consumption and reliable stability. The trapezoidal channel is selected as the typical channel in this study, the magnetostrictive water level sensor developed by ourselves is used as the channel water level acquisition sensor in irrigation area, and the water level information is sent to the remote cloud service through GPRS wireless transmission device WG-8010 GPRS DTU. The corresponding flow value is calculated on the remote cloud server according to the fitted water-discharge formula, and the data is saved to my SQL database of the cloud service. At the same time, a data collector is designed to store the sensor data on the local SD card. In order to facilitate managers to log in and view water regime trends and download historical data at any time, a water level and discharge collection system website for irrigation district based on Linux cloud server is designed. In this paper, the sensor technology, GPRS wireless transmission technology, my SQL technology and cloud server technology are used to design and develop a remote real-time monitoring system for water level and discharge in irrigation area. It is proved by the whole test that the system is stable and reliable, with high measuring precision and low cost. It can be applied to the measurement of water level in irrigation area and has high application value.
【學位授予單位】：西北農林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S274.4;TP212

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 康端剛;馬孝義;趙龍;;基于磁致伸縮效應的明渠水位測定儀研究[J];中國農村水利水電;2017年01期

2 陳文輝;;北趙引黃灌溉工程水資源利用評價[J];山西水利;2016年08期

3 謝奕釗;;數(shù)字電路設計中的抗干擾技術研究[J];無線互聯(lián)科技;2016年14期

4 王博文;張露予;王鵬;李恒;史瑞雪;孫英;翁玲;;磁致伸縮位移傳感器檢測信號分析[J];光學精密工程;2016年02期

5 孫英;靳輝;鄭奕;翁玲;王博文;;磁致伸縮液位傳感器檢測信號影響因素分析及實驗研究[J];傳感技術學報;2015年11期

6 劉艷中;敖振浪;;一種新型自動氣象站外接數(shù)據(jù)存儲系統(tǒng)的設計[J];電子測量技術;2015年08期

7 尚君瑩;田學民;陳潔萌;;脈沖激光測距系統(tǒng)及其算法研究[J];電子設計工程;2015年11期

8 錢宇虹;;基于Java平臺的多語言混合編程[J];軟件工程師;2014年11期

9 吳孟春;丁嵐;;HighCharts組件在氣象業(yè)務中的開發(fā)和應用[J];計算機與網(wǎng)絡;2014年12期

10 嚴俊;;電荷泵升壓電路的教學研究——基于水泵升壓供水模型[J];中小企業(yè)管理與科技(下旬刊);2013年10期

相關碩士學位論文 前10條

1 張云龍;基于Android平臺的溫室滴灌監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)[D];西北農林科技大學;2016年

2 杜雪;基于嵌入式和云服務器的灌區(qū)信息監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的研究[D];西北農林科技大學;2015年

3 胡陽光;低成本灌區(qū)流量監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)研究[D];西北農林科技大學;2015年

4 王s，

本文編號：2048723