本文選題：望遠(yuǎn)鏡整體旋轉(zhuǎn) + 離軸反射式��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海技術(shù)物理研究所)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著航天航空技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,衛(wèi)星遙感展現(xiàn)出大范圍、高頻度和實(shí)時(shí)觀測(cè)的優(yōu)勢(shì)。掃描機(jī)構(gòu)是許多高空間光學(xué)遙感儀器接受地物光學(xué)信息的第一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),掃描機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)性能的好壞與儀器的成像質(zhì)量息息相關(guān)。本課題所設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)采用離軸反射式旋轉(zhuǎn)望遠(yuǎn)鏡整體360o圓周旋轉(zhuǎn)+半角鏡的物方掃描,具有視場(chǎng)大,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)從可見光至熱紅外譜段的星上定標(biāo),更好地抑制雜散光、降低偏振敏感度和實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)定標(biāo),提高了系統(tǒng)的定量化應(yīng)用水平。在結(jié)構(gòu)上,整體掃描方式大大消解了“掃描鏡”的旋轉(zhuǎn)剪切應(yīng)力、地面重力,安裝誤差對(duì)面型的扭曲。本文分析系統(tǒng)的光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案,掃描系統(tǒng)各組成部分及其工作原理,并分析研究了機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)、各部件的選取原則和設(shè)計(jì)思路,最終確定了望遠(yuǎn)鏡整體旋轉(zhuǎn)掃描系統(tǒng)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)總體方案。選取執(zhí)行電機(jī)和傳感器,選定反射鏡材料和固定方式等系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部件的設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)了半角鏡系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。充分考慮了半角鏡自身的動(dòng)力學(xué)特性,比對(duì)幾種連接方式,對(duì)半角鏡機(jī)構(gòu)的鏡體、軸承、電機(jī)作連接方式選擇。對(duì)望遠(yuǎn)鏡運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了靜平衡和動(dòng)平衡分析,在MSC.ADAMS軟件中建立了鏡筒的多體動(dòng)力學(xué)有限元仿真模型,得出了鏡筒的量分布情況和連續(xù)掃描工況下的軸承受力情況。通過仿真優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)將軸承受力達(dá)到最小。最后對(duì)望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)和半角鏡系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了基于ANSYS的仿真分析,在仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)中獲得了其x,y,z方向上的一階和二階固有頻率。根據(jù)Ansys的分析結(jié)果分析薄弱位置,對(duì)望遠(yuǎn)鏡鏡筒進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的添加肋板和輔助支撐進(jìn)行加固,最終達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求�？傊�,本課題把有限元的技術(shù)與光機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合,應(yīng)用在工程分析中建立了望遠(yuǎn)鏡掃描機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力學(xué)虛擬樣機(jī)模型、掃描系統(tǒng)有限元模型�？偨Y(jié)出工程中利用有限元分析的常用手段與通用流程,故而本課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容具有一定的工程意義和使用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the development of aerospace technology, satellite remote sensing shows the advantages of wide range, high frequency and real time observation. Scanning mechanism is the first link for many high spatial optical remote sensing instruments to receive optical information of ground objects. The structure and performance of scanning mechanism are closely related to the imaging quality of the instrument. The system designed in this paper uses the whole 360 o circumferential half-angle mirror of the off-axis rotating telescope to scan the object square. It has a large field of view, which can realize the calibration of satellite from visible light to thermal infrared spectrum, and can better suppress stray light. Reduce polarization sensitivity and realize real-time calibration, and improve the application level of the system. In structure, the whole scanning method greatly eliminates the distortion of the plane shape caused by the rotating shear stress, ground gravity and installation error of the "scanning mirror". This paper analyzes the optical design scheme of the system, each component of the scanning system and its working principle, and analyzes and studies the mechanical structure, the selection principle of each component and the design idea. Finally, the overall scheme of mechanical structure of the whole rotating scanning system of telescope is determined. Select executive motor and sensor, select mirror materials and fixed system mechanical parts design. The structure of half angle mirror system is designed. The dynamic characteristics of the semi-angle mirror are fully considered, several connection modes are compared, and the connection modes of the mirror body, bearing and motor of the half-angle mirror mechanism are selected. The static and dynamic balance analysis of the telescope motion mechanism is carried out. The finite element simulation model of the multi-body dynamics of the mirror barrel is established in the MSC.ADAMS software. The quantity distribution of the mirror barrel and the bearing force under the continuous scanning condition are obtained. The bearing force is minimized by simulation optimization design. Finally, the first and second order natural frequencies of the telescope system and the half angle mirror system are obtained in the simulation experiment based on ANSYS. According to the analysis result of Ansys, the weak position is analyzed, and the telescope mirror tube is strengthened with rib plate and auxiliary support. Finally, the design requirements are met. In a word, the finite element technique is combined with the optical machine structure design, and the dynamic virtual prototype model and the scanning system finite element model of the telescope scanning mechanism are established in the engineering analysis. This paper summarizes the common means and general flow of finite element analysis in engineering, so the research content of this project has certain engineering significance and practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海技術(shù)物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：V443.5;TP73

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