發(fā)布時間：2018-05-07 18:31

  本文選題：ZnO + PPy　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：氣體傳感器在農(nóng)業(yè)、軍事、環(huán)境等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用,隨著信息社會的快速發(fā)展,對傳感器的性能提出了更高的要求。采用納米材料或復(fù)合材料等方法可以顯著改善傳感器的響應(yīng)特性,已經(jīng)成為該領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。本論文提出一種靜電紡絲結(jié)合水熱合成方法,在基底上原位制備了納米結(jié)構(gòu)ZnO。通過水熱條件的改變調(diào)控其形貌結(jié)構(gòu),得到了 ZnO納米粒子和納米片。反應(yīng)在水體系中進(jìn)行,無需加入有機(jī)溶劑和其它添加劑;同時避免了高溫灼燒和對納米材料的二次分散,過程簡便易行,具有綠色環(huán)保的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。采用氣相聚合方法在ZnO表面沉積聚吡咯(PPy),制備了 PPy/ZnO 納米復(fù)合材料;利用 FESEM、XRD、FT-IR、HRTEM等手段對復(fù)合材料的形貌、組成和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了表征。考察了復(fù)合物對于NH3的室溫響應(yīng)特性,研究了 ZnO形貌對復(fù)合物響應(yīng)特性的影響。結(jié)果顯示:ZnO納米片和PPy的復(fù)合物具有最佳的響應(yīng)特性,其對于10 ppm NH3的電阻相對變化為76%,比PPy的響應(yīng)靈敏度提高了近30倍,同時體現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的選擇性和良好的重復(fù)性。對復(fù)合物響應(yīng)機(jī)理的研究表明,復(fù)合物與基底的良好接觸,納米結(jié)構(gòu)帶來的高比表面積以及PPy和納米ZnO界面形成的p-n結(jié)均有助于復(fù)合物響應(yīng)靈敏度的提升,其中p-n結(jié)的形成具有關(guān)鍵性作用。采用后摻雜法、快混法以及聚合物酸模板法等制備了具有不同形貌結(jié)構(gòu)的可分散導(dǎo)電態(tài)聚苯胺(PANI)。將PANI浸涂于不同納米結(jié)構(gòu)的ZnO表面,或者通過溶液及氣相聚合方法在納米結(jié)構(gòu)ZnO表面沉積PANI,制備PANI/ZnO納米復(fù)合物,表征了其組成和形貌結(jié)構(gòu)。考察了 PANI/ZnO納米復(fù)合物對于NH3的室溫響應(yīng)特性,研究了 ZnO的納米結(jié)構(gòu)、PANI的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)以及制備方法等對復(fù)合物敏感特性的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)氣相聚合PANI和ZnO納米片復(fù)合物的響應(yīng)靈敏度最高,對10 ppm NH3的電阻相對變化高達(dá)2150%,較PANI提高了 10倍。同時,復(fù)合物具有超低的檢測限(5ppb),優(yōu)異的選擇性和良好的重復(fù)性。探討了復(fù)合物的氣敏響應(yīng)機(jī)理,認(rèn)為納米結(jié)構(gòu)以及ZnO和PANI之間形成的p-n結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)的存在顯著提高了復(fù)合物的響應(yīng)靈敏度。
[Abstract]:Gas sensors are widely used in agriculture, military, environment and so on. With the rapid development of information society, the performance of gas sensors is required to be higher. Nanomaterials or composite materials can improve the response characteristics of the sensor, which has become a research hotspot in this field. In this paper, a new method of electrospinning and hydrothermal synthesis was proposed, and the nanostructure ZnO was prepared on the substrate in situ. The morphologies and structures of ZnO nanoparticles and nanoparticles were obtained by changing the hydrothermal conditions. The reaction is carried out in water system without adding organic solvent and other additives. At the same time, it avoids high temperature burning and secondary dispersion of nanometer materials. The process is simple and easy, and has the advantage of green environmental protection. The PPy/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared by vapor phase polymerization on the surface of ZnO, and the morphology, composition and structure of the composites were characterized by Fesemer XRDX FT-IRHRTEM. The response characteristics of the composites to NH3 at room temperature were investigated, and the effects of ZnO morphology on the response characteristics of the composites were investigated. The results show that the composite of PPy and w PPy has the best response characteristics, its resistance to 10 ppm NH3 varies from 76 to 76, which is 30 times higher than that of PPy, and shows excellent selectivity and reproducibility at the same time. The research on the response mechanism of the composite shows that the good contact between the composite and the substrate, the high specific surface area caused by the nanostructure, and the p-n junction formed at the interface between PPy and nanometer ZnO all contribute to the improvement of the sensitivity of the complex. The formation of p-n junctions plays a key role. Poly (aniline) with different morphology and structure was prepared by post-doping method, rapid mixing method and polymer acid template method. The PANI/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared by immersing PANI on the surface of ZnO with different nanostructures or deposited on the surface of ZnO by solution and gas phase polymerization. The composition and morphology of PANI/ZnO nanocomposites were characterized. The room temperature response of PANI/ZnO nanocomposites to NH3 was investigated. The effects of morphology and preparation methods of ZnO nanostructures on the sensitive properties of ZnO nanocomposites were investigated. It is found that the PANI and ZnO nanocomposites have the highest response sensitivity, and the relative change of resistance to 10 ppm NH3 is as high as 2150, which is 10 times higher than that of PANI. At the same time, the complex has a very low detection limit of 5 ppb, excellent selectivity and good reproducibility. The gas-sensing response mechanism of the composite is discussed. It is considered that the nanostructure and the p-n junction structure formed between ZnO and PANI can significantly improve the sensitivity of the complex.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB34;TP212

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本文編號：1858006