發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-04 20:02

  本文選題：穹頂型長(zhǎng)直巷道　切入點(diǎn)：無(wú)縫感知覆蓋　出處：《江西理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：礦井巷道既承擔(dān)了日常生產(chǎn)的運(yùn)輸通道,同時(shí)也是應(yīng)急情況下的工作人員的主要逃生通道,因此對(duì)礦井主巷道的環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)是保障生產(chǎn)和安全的基礎(chǔ)。傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)作為無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本構(gòu)件具有價(jià)格低、體積小、穩(wěn)定可靠的優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于自然條件惡劣的環(huán)境監(jiān)控領(lǐng)域,特別適用于礦井巷道施工環(huán)境的監(jiān)控。在礦井巷道中長(zhǎng)距離無(wú)線通信條件受限的情況下,這就要求合理部署無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)達(dá)到巷道區(qū)域完全覆蓋以提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋質(zhì)量,并且針對(duì)井下巷道長(zhǎng)直空間特性設(shè)計(jì)出合理的路由協(xié)議。本文所做的工作主要包括以下兩點(diǎn):(1)為解決井下穹頂型巷道中無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)固定節(jié)點(diǎn)的覆蓋問(wèn)題,在分析和抽象井下穹頂型巷道的空間模型基礎(chǔ)上,推導(dǎo)出針對(duì)穹頂型巷道橫向截面的單個(gè)傳感器無(wú)縫覆蓋、兩個(gè)傳感器無(wú)縫覆蓋、三個(gè)傳感器無(wú)縫覆蓋條件下的最小感知半徑與巷道橫向截面幾何尺寸之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系以及傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的最佳部署位置。然后,在穹頂型長(zhǎng)直巷道橫截面?zhèn)鞲衅鞴?jié)點(diǎn)最小感知半徑部署的基礎(chǔ)上計(jì)算出一段巷道區(qū)域內(nèi)一重?zé)o縫覆蓋、二重?zé)o縫覆蓋的最小節(jié)點(diǎn)密度。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,依據(jù)本文建立的穹頂型長(zhǎng)直巷道幾何尺寸與傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)感知半徑、節(jié)點(diǎn)部署位置的普適函數(shù)關(guān)系,可以合理地選擇固定節(jié)點(diǎn)的布局方案,做到礦井巷道中傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)最小密度完全覆蓋,從而能夠有效控制工程成本,簡(jiǎn)化工程操作。(2)在礦井長(zhǎng)直巷道傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)無(wú)縫感知覆蓋基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出一種層次型網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),將長(zhǎng)直巷道的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)抽象成三層網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)即普通節(jié)點(diǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層、簇頭網(wǎng)絡(luò)層、Sink節(jié)點(diǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層。為避免網(wǎng)絡(luò)分簇不均勻?qū)е聜鞲衅鞴?jié)點(diǎn)通信路徑過(guò)長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題,基于虛擬網(wǎng)格原理,將礦井長(zhǎng)直巷道抽象成不同小區(qū)域的聯(lián)合。每個(gè)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)自身位置信息自動(dòng)歸屬相應(yīng)區(qū)域,每個(gè)局部區(qū)域的簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)基于局部能量均衡和局部位置均衡原則自主隨機(jī)選舉。普通節(jié)點(diǎn)通過(guò)比較與本區(qū)域簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)的距離和左右相鄰區(qū)域的簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)的距離,選擇三個(gè)簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)中距離最短的加入,Sink節(jié)點(diǎn)按固定間隔均勻分布在巷道中,簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)與Sink節(jié)點(diǎn)基于最短路徑原則通信。同時(shí),Sink節(jié)點(diǎn)通過(guò)單跳或者多跳向基站傳送數(shù)據(jù)。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了上述路由協(xié)議的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)更加符合長(zhǎng)直巷道的空間特性,局部區(qū)域路由的提出,使網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)具有更好的擴(kuò)展性,網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗更加均衡,有效延長(zhǎng)了無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生命周期。
[Abstract]:Mine roadway transport channel is responsible for daily production, the main escape is also an emergency staff, so the environmental monitoring of coal mine roadway is a basic guarantee of production and safety. As the basic component of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks with low price, small volume, stable and reliable, widely used in the environmental monitoring field of harsh natural conditions, especially suitable for the monitoring of mine roadway construction in mine roadway environment. Long distance wireless communication condition is limited, which requires the reasonable deployment of wireless sensor network nodes to achieve complete coverage of roadway area in order to improve the quality of network coverage, and the spatial characteristics of underground roadway design a long straight route the protocol is reasonable. The work of this paper includes the following two points: (1) to solve the problem of wireless sensor network in underground roadway dome The coverage problem of fixed nodes, based on spatial analysis model and abstract underground dome type tunnel, a single sensor is derived for seamless coverage of dome type tunnel cross section, two sensor seamless coverage, between the minimum seamless coverage of three sensors under the condition of half diameter and transverse roadway section geometry and sensor function the optimal node deployment location. Then, calculate the tunnel area a seamless coverage in the dome type long straight roadway cross section of sensor nodes based on the minimum radius of the deployment, no double seam minimum node density coverage. Through experiments, on the basis of the dome type long straight tunnel geometry and sensor perception node radius, node deployment location of the universal function, we can choose reasonable layout scheme of fixed nodes, do the sensor in mine roadway Complete coverage is the minimum node density, which can effectively control the project cost, simplify the engineering operation. (2) in the mine long straight tunnel seamless coverage based on sensor nodes, this paper proposes a hierarchical network structure, network topology will be long straight tunnel into three layer network structure is the common node network layer, cluster the head of the network layer, Sink node network layer. In order to avoid the clustering of sensor nodes due to the uneven communication path is too long, the virtual grid based on the principle of the abstraction of mine into the long straight tunnel with different small areas. Each sensor nodes belonging to the corresponding region automatically according to their location information, the cluster head node of each local area the local energy equilibrium and partial equilibrium principle based on random position independent election. Ordinary nodes by cluster head nodes compared with the regional cluster head node and the distance around the adjacent region Distance, select the three cluster head node in the shortest distance to the Sink node at a fixed interval uniform distribution in the tunnel, the cluster head nodes and Sink node shortest path based on the principle of communication. At the same time, the Sink node through single hop or multi hop transmit data to the base station. The simulation results show that the characteristic of the long straight tunnel more in line with the above network topology routing protocol, proposed local routing, scalability of the network structure has better network, a more balanced energy consumption, prolong the life cycle of wireless sensor networks.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD65;TP212.9;TN929.5

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