本文關(guān)鍵詞： SDN網(wǎng)絡(luò) BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法 負(fù)載均衡　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、電子商務(wù)的不斷發(fā)展,大數(shù)據(jù)和云計算成為新的發(fā)展趨勢。網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量壓力越來越大的同時,流量模式逐漸變?yōu)楦叨葎討B(tài)化,按需提供帶寬的能力代替了總傳輸容量增益成為創(chuàng)造收益的關(guān)鍵。服務(wù)提供者基于業(yè)務(wù)的多樣化和建設(shè)成本考慮,對靈活優(yōu)化的管控能力更加渴求;IT基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施也要應(yīng)需而變,以全新的方式支持快速靈活的商業(yè)運(yùn)作。SDN(軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò))就是在這種情況下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。它是一種新型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu),是對傳統(tǒng)tcp/ip網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)的一種偉大的革新與突破。顧名思義,SDN的思想就是通過軟件定義和驅(qū)動的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的控制和管理。SDN架構(gòu)分為應(yīng)用層、控制層、數(shù)據(jù)層。數(shù)據(jù)層上的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備專注于數(shù)據(jù)包的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)從而提高轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)速度;控制層由SDN控制器通過編程來集中管理調(diào)度,可以結(jié)合當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)和用戶需求來制定轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)和調(diào)度策略;應(yīng)用層上的開發(fā)人員通過SDN控制器獲知了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的全局視圖,可以靈活自由的部署業(yè)務(wù)。然而由此也引出了另一個新的問題,如何在提供服務(wù)質(zhì)量的同時,實(shí)現(xiàn)對資源的合理分配,實(shí)現(xiàn)在SDN網(wǎng)絡(luò)中進(jìn)行負(fù)載均衡。負(fù)載均衡也是近年來越來越熱門的話題。面對越來越多的新型應(yīng)用,越來越大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量,網(wǎng)絡(luò)承受的壓力也越來越大。要保證服務(wù)的質(zhì)量一方面需要提高數(shù)據(jù)處理能力和響應(yīng)速度,另一方面需要進(jìn)行負(fù)載均衡,實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源合理分配。那么在SDN網(wǎng)絡(luò)下以何種方式進(jìn)行路由決策來平衡負(fù)載提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能成為一個新的研究熱點(diǎn)。本文針對當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)飽受各種壓力的現(xiàn)狀及傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)面臨的瓶頸,通過對新興網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)SDN網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究,提出了在SDN下基于BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法的負(fù)載均衡方案。SDN網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一大特點(diǎn)是控制層和數(shù)據(jù)層分離,控制器能夠獲取整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),同時能夠獲得交換機(jī)傳來的實(shí)時網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)信息,包含鏈路負(fù)載、時延等等,我們便可以利用這一點(diǎn)在控制層上制定某種路由策略對數(shù)據(jù)包進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡。我們可以利用啟發(fā)式算法來獲得某種場景下的一個近似最優(yōu)解,但是由于它所需的時間成本很高,所以我們采取它的結(jié)果作為一個訓(xùn)練工具,一個中間產(chǎn)物。BP算法屬于人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的一種算法,它的特點(diǎn)是具有自學(xué)習(xí)能力和泛化能力,能對輸入-輸出關(guān)系進(jìn)行模型訓(xùn)練,當(dāng)訓(xùn)練完成后對輸入具有快速預(yù)測輸出的能力。所以本文的方案就是將實(shí)時網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)和Qo S請求作為BP算法的輸入,將啟發(fā)式算法求得的最佳路由作為BP算法的輸出,將此模型進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,訓(xùn)練后的模型(路由決策)存放在SDN控制器中,當(dāng)有新的請求時可以快速預(yù)測出路徑,從而使得SDN網(wǎng)絡(luò)下負(fù)載均衡達(dá)到更好的效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of the mobile Internet and e-commerce, big data and cloud computing become a new development trend. The ability to provide bandwidth on demand replaces the total transmission capacity gain as the key to generating revenue. Service providers are more eager for flexible and optimized control capabilities based on business diversification and construction cost considerations; The IT infrastructure has to change as well, in a completely new way to support fast and flexible business operations. SDN (Software defined Network) emerged as the times require. It is a new network architecture. It is a great innovation and breakthrough to the traditional tcp/ip network architecture. The idea of SDN is to realize the control and management of network by software definition and drive. SDN architecture is divided into application layer and control layer. Data layer. The network devices on the data layer focus on the forwarding of data packets to improve the speed of forwarding; The control layer is managed centrally by the SDN controller through programming, and the forwarding and scheduling policies can be formulated according to the current network status and user requirements. Developers in the application layer know the global view of the network through the SDN controller, and can deploy the service flexibly and freely. However, this also leads to another new problem, how to provide the quality of service at the same time. Realize the rational allocation of resources and realize load balance in SDN network. Load balancing is also a hot topic in recent years. Facing more and more new applications, more and more network traffic. The network is under increasing pressure. To ensure the quality of services, on the one hand, we need to improve the data processing capacity and response speed, on the other hand, we need to balance the load. How to make routing decision in SDN network to balance load and improve network performance has become a new research hotspot. This paper aims at the current situation of network under various pressures. And the bottleneck of traditional network architecture. Through the research on the new network architecture, SDN network, a load balancing scheme based on BP neural network algorithm under SDN is proposed. One of the characteristics of the network is the separation of control layer and data layer. The controller can obtain the topology of the whole network and the real-time network state information from the switch, including link load, delay and so on. We can use this point in the control layer to formulate a certain routing policy to forward packets to achieve load balancing, we can use heuristic algorithm to obtain an approximate optimal solution in a certain scenario. But because the time cost is very high, so we take its result as a training tool, an intermediate product. BP algorithm belongs to an artificial neural network algorithm. It has the ability of self-learning and generalization, and can train the model of input-output relationship. When the training is completed, it has the ability to predict the input and output quickly. Therefore, the scheme of this paper is to use real-time network state and QoS request as the input of BP algorithm. The best route obtained by the heuristic algorithm is taken as the output of BP algorithm. The model is trained and the trained model (routing decision) is stored in the SDN controller. When there are new requests, the path can be predicted quickly, so that load balancing in SDN network can achieve better results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP183;TP393.0

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