【摘要】：自動(dòng)氣象站已成為當(dāng)今氣象監(jiān)測(cè)的主要手段之一,在氣象監(jiān)測(cè)與預(yù)報(bào)領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著重要作用。我國(guó)自動(dòng)氣象站建設(shè)起步時(shí)間較晚,自主研發(fā)的氣象傳感器在精度上與國(guó)外先進(jìn)水平有較大差距。近年來,隨著MEMS傳感器技術(shù)的發(fā)展,我國(guó)自研的自動(dòng)氣象站數(shù)量越來越多,檢測(cè)精度越來越高,應(yīng)用范圍也越來越廣。如今自動(dòng)氣象站不僅在地方氣象監(jiān)測(cè)部門中使用,還應(yīng)用于一些有氣象監(jiān)測(cè)需求的廠礦、農(nóng)田、公路、企業(yè)等小范圍觀測(cè)場(chǎng)景。這兩類應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景在氣象站類型、觀測(cè)要素類型、臺(tái)站管理方式、數(shù)據(jù)使用方法等多處均有所區(qū)別,前者可以與國(guó)家氣象局聯(lián)網(wǎng),通過統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范將觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)層層上傳至國(guó)家氣象中心,有專門的大型氣象測(cè)報(bào)業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一觀測(cè)和管理,后者則是在某個(gè)特定的區(qū)域網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部署一定數(shù)量的氣象臺(tái)站,觀測(cè)的氣象數(shù)據(jù)也僅用于本地存儲(chǔ)分析而無需上報(bào)給氣象部門,顯然,控制和管理這種局域網(wǎng)型的氣象站,其數(shù)據(jù)中心的監(jiān)測(cè)軟件在功能上應(yīng)當(dāng)更加輕量和靈活,通常需要根據(jù)臺(tái)站類型和實(shí)際需求專門編寫。本文所研究的是一款可以滿足區(qū)域型氣象觀測(cè)需求的、用于配套自研MS50U型五要素氣象站和數(shù)據(jù)采集器硬件產(chǎn)品的自動(dòng)氣象站遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)軟件。軟件基于微軟MFC框架編寫,可以運(yùn)行在Windows XP及更高版本的操作系統(tǒng)中,實(shí)現(xiàn)的主要功能包括：通過串口或GPRS將多臺(tái)氣象站數(shù)據(jù)分組采集到中心計(jì)算機(jī)中,采集成功率均達(dá)到90%以上；氣象數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)至關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫中,并為用戶提供數(shù)據(jù)查找和篩選可視化界面,篩選數(shù)據(jù)可以導(dǎo)出為Excel報(bào)表,查詢時(shí)間與報(bào)表導(dǎo)出時(shí)間均保持在10秒／萬行內(nèi)；提供兩種工作模式,可分別用于無人值守監(jiān)控和臺(tái)站調(diào)試；具有實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控界面,支持用戶以虛擬儀器的方式查看任何遠(yuǎn)端臺(tái)站的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)等。論文分為三大部分,首先根據(jù)軟件功能指標(biāo)進(jìn)行總體方案設(shè)計(jì),然后詳細(xì)介紹了遠(yuǎn)程通信、數(shù)據(jù)處理與存儲(chǔ)、參數(shù)配置、臺(tái)站控制、實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)顯示、歷史數(shù)據(jù)查詢等主要功能模塊的設(shè)計(jì)和編碼,最后以論文工作中遇到的幾個(gè)典型問題和困難為例,介紹了軟件的測(cè)試和優(yōu)化過程,并分析比較了性能優(yōu)化前后的效果。軟件通過與氣象臺(tái)站和數(shù)據(jù)采集器的多次聯(lián)合調(diào)試、測(cè)試和優(yōu)化后,現(xiàn)已實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)中的功能和性能要求,可以作為MS50U型自動(dòng)氣象站設(shè)備的配套遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)軟件使用。軟件的無人值守可靠通信、報(bào)表導(dǎo)出、實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控界面等功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)思路對(duì)類似的工控類遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)軟件設(shè)計(jì)也具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Automatic weather station has become one of the main means of meteorological monitoring and plays an important role in the field of meteorological monitoring and forecasting. The construction of automatic weather station in China started late, and the precision of the independently developed meteorological sensor is far from that of foreign advanced level. In recent years, with the development of MEMS sensor technology, the number of self-developed automatic weather stations in China is more and more, the detection accuracy is more and more high, and the scope of application is more and more extensive. Today, automatic weather stations are used not only in local meteorological monitoring departments, but also in small-scale observation scenarios such as factories, mines, farmland, roads, enterprises and so on. These two kinds of application scenarios are different in many places, such as the type of weather station, the type of observation elements, the mode of station management, the method of using data, etc. The former can be connected with the National Meteorological Administration. The observation data are uploaded layer by layer to the National Meteorological Center through unified norms, and there are specialized large-scale meteorological observation and reporting system software for unified observation and management. The latter is the deployment of a certain number of meteorological stations in a specific regional network. The observed meteorological data are also used only for local storage and analysis and need not be reported to the meteorological department. It is clear that the monitoring software of the data center should be more lightweight and flexible in the control and management of such local area network weather stations. It usually needs to be specially written according to station type and actual demand. This paper studies a remote monitoring software of automatic weather station which can meet the needs of regional meteorological observation and can be used to match the hardware products of MS50U five-element meteorological station and data collector. The software is based on Microsoft MFC framework and can run in Windows XP and later versions of the operating system. The main functions of the software include: collecting the data of many weather stations into a central computer by serial port or GPRS. The success rate of collection was above 90%. The meteorological data is stored in the relational database and provides a visual interface for the user to find and filter the data. The filtered data can be exported to the Excel report, and the query time and the report export time are kept within 10 seconds / 10 000 rows. It provides two working modes, which can be used for unattended monitoring and station debugging, and has a real-time monitoring interface, which supports users to view real-time data of any remote station by virtual instrument. The thesis is divided into three parts. Firstly, according to the function index of the software, the overall scheme is designed, and then the remote communication, data processing and storage, parameter configuration, station control and real-time data display are introduced in detail. The design and coding of the main function modules, such as historical data query, etc. Finally, taking several typical problems and difficulties encountered in the work of the paper as examples, the testing and optimization process of the software is introduced, and the results before and after the performance optimization are analyzed and compared. The software can be used as the remote monitoring software of MS50U automatic weather station equipment after several joint debugging, testing and optimization with meteorological station and data collector, and the function and performance requirements of the design index have been realized. The realization of the functions such as unattended and reliable communication, report export, real-time monitoring interface and so on has certain reference value for the design of similar remote monitoring software of industrial control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TH765.72

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