【摘要】：材料科技的發(fā)展加快了人類社會(huì)前進(jìn)的步伐，各種新材料的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用給人類的生產(chǎn)生活帶來了極大的便利，但隨著對(duì)材料的使用要求不斷提高，人們同時(shí)受到了由于材料失效帶來的各種問題的困擾，如何更加全面深入的認(rèn)識(shí)材料、評(píng)價(jià)材料，成了科技界和工程界面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。傳統(tǒng)的材料力學(xué)測(cè)試手段僅能從若干力學(xué)參數(shù)出發(fā)對(duì)材料進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，難以深入揭示材料的微觀變形損傷機(jī)制，，在材料科技日益發(fā)展的今天已無法滿足人們的測(cè)試需求。材料微觀力學(xué)性能原位測(cè)試技術(shù)在具備傳統(tǒng)測(cè)試手段所具備的功能的同時(shí)，還可以實(shí)現(xiàn)在載荷作用下對(duì)材料微觀變形損傷機(jī)制與微觀組織演化等特性進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)原位觀測(cè)，對(duì)深入研究材料的宏觀力學(xué)行為與微觀組織結(jié)構(gòu)演化規(guī)律具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。 本文對(duì)當(dāng)前商業(yè)化的材料扭轉(zhuǎn)測(cè)試設(shè)備和原位監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了較為深入的綜述和分析，在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合目前材料扭轉(zhuǎn)原位測(cè)試技術(shù)領(lǐng)域尚屬空白的現(xiàn)狀，設(shè)計(jì)提出了一種可與光學(xué)顯微成像設(shè)備相兼容的原位扭轉(zhuǎn)測(cè)試裝置，為研究扭轉(zhuǎn)載荷作用下材料的微觀變形行為和損傷機(jī)制提供了新穎的測(cè)試手段。 論文對(duì)原位扭轉(zhuǎn)測(cè)試裝置進(jìn)行了整體方案設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)裝置主要機(jī)械元件的強(qiáng)度、剛度、疲勞壽命等進(jìn)行了計(jì)算與分析，對(duì)高速運(yùn)動(dòng)元件和裝置整機(jī)進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析，確保了測(cè)試裝置在服役期間可以正常工作；同時(shí)對(duì)測(cè)試裝置電控系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集與控制方案進(jìn)行了介紹。 在上述工作的基礎(chǔ)上，論文對(duì)扭轉(zhuǎn)測(cè)試裝置的載荷及轉(zhuǎn)角誤差來源進(jìn)行了分析，并利用激光測(cè)距儀對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)角誤差進(jìn)行了實(shí)際測(cè)量，確定了測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)角和實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)角之間的關(guān)系；同時(shí)提出了試件圓弧過渡區(qū)域的等效處理算法，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了剪切模量的修正算法；對(duì)常用材料的扭轉(zhuǎn)測(cè)試結(jié)果表明修正算法具有良好的適用性。 利用自制的測(cè)試裝置，本文對(duì)2A12鋁和H59黃銅在循環(huán)扭轉(zhuǎn)載荷下的力學(xué)行為進(jìn)行了研究，兩種材料在循環(huán)扭轉(zhuǎn)載荷下均表現(xiàn)出了明顯的包辛格效應(yīng)，通過與單向扭轉(zhuǎn)試驗(yàn)對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)：兩種材料的抗扭強(qiáng)度并未有明顯改變；對(duì)Q235熱軋鋼和Q235冷拉鋼進(jìn)行了扭轉(zhuǎn)力學(xué)測(cè)試，結(jié)果表明在冷拉工藝下Q235鋼的扭轉(zhuǎn)屈服強(qiáng)度有了大幅提升，但兩種成型工藝下材料的抗扭強(qiáng)度差異較小。 最后，論文還將裝置與奧林巴斯BXFM顯微鏡結(jié)合，對(duì)H59黃銅和Q235鋼在扭轉(zhuǎn)載荷下的微觀形貌和金相組織進(jìn)行了原位觀測(cè)試驗(yàn)，驗(yàn)證了測(cè)試裝置的原位測(cè)試能力。
[Abstract]:The development of material science and technology accelerates the progress of human society. The development and application of various new materials bring great convenience to the production and life of human beings, but with the increasing requirements for the use of materials, At the same time, people are troubled by various problems caused by the failure of materials. How to understand and evaluate materials more comprehensively and deeply has become a great challenge to the scientific and engineering circles. The traditional testing method of material mechanics can only evaluate the material from a number of mechanical parameters, and it is difficult to reveal the microscopic deformation damage mechanism of the material in depth. With the development of material science and technology, it is unable to meet the testing needs of people. The in-situ testing technique of material micromechanical properties can not only have the function of traditional testing methods, but also realize the dynamic in-situ observation of the damage mechanism and microstructure evolution of materials under load. It is of great significance to study the macroscopic mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of materials. In this paper, the domestic and international development status and trend of commercial material torsion testing equipment and in-situ monitoring technology are summarized and analyzed. According to the blank situation in the field of material torsion in-situ testing, a kind of in-situ torsion testing device which is compatible with optical microscopic imaging equipment is designed. It provides a novel method for studying the microscopic deformation behavior and damage mechanism of materials under torsional loading. In this paper, the overall scheme of in-situ torsion testing device is designed, the strength, stiffness and fatigue life of the main mechanical components of the device are calculated and analyzed, and the modal analysis of the high-speed moving elements and the whole machine is carried out. Ensure that the test device works properly during service; At the same time, the data acquisition and control scheme of the electronic control system of the test device is introduced. On the basis of the above work, the paper analyzes the load and angle error source of the torsion measuring device, and uses the laser rangefinder to measure the rotation angle error, and determines the relationship between the measured rotation angle and the actual rotation angle. At the same time, the equivalent processing algorithm for the arc transition region of the specimen is proposed, and on this basis, the shear modulus correction algorithm is proposed, and the torsional test results of common materials show that the modified algorithm has good applicability. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of 2A12 aluminum and H59 brass under cyclic torsional load is studied by using a self-made testing device. Both materials exhibit obvious Bauschinger effect under cyclic torsional load. Compared with the unidirectional torsion test, it is found that the torsional strength of the two materials has not changed obviously. The torsional mechanical tests of Q235 hot rolled steel and Q235 cold drawn steel show that the torsional yield strength of Q235 steel has been greatly improved under cold drawing process, but the difference of torsional strength between the two molding processes is small. Finally, the in-situ observation of the microstructure and microstructure of H59 brass and Q235 steel under torsional load was carried out by combining the apparatus with Olympus BXFM microscope. The in-situ testing capability of the apparatus was verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TH87

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