【摘要】：天波超視距(Over-The-Horizon,OTH)雷達(dá)通過向空中發(fā)射高頻電磁波,接收電離層反射的回波實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的探測(cè)。天波OTH雷達(dá)具有探測(cè)距離遠(yuǎn)、效費(fèi)比高以及“四抗”的特點(diǎn),使其被廣泛地應(yīng)用于遠(yuǎn)程戰(zhàn)略預(yù)警、緝毒走私、空海交通管理、環(huán)境遙感、核爆炸監(jiān)測(cè)等領(lǐng)域。天波OTH雷達(dá)具有很多優(yōu)勢(shì),同時(shí)也存在許多不足和挑戰(zhàn)。首先,由于其通過電離層反射的工作機(jī)制,回波信號(hào)會(huì)受到電離層相位污染,使強(qiáng)大的海雜波譜展寬,給艦船目標(biāo)的檢測(cè)帶來(lái)了困難。在者,目標(biāo)的機(jī)動(dòng)性會(huì)使回波的多普勒頻譜擴(kuò)展,OTH雷達(dá)長(zhǎng)相干積累時(shí)間加重了擴(kuò)展程度,這對(duì)目標(biāo)參數(shù)的估計(jì)是不利的。另外,在天波OTH雷達(dá)計(jì)算目標(biāo)參數(shù)時(shí),沒有考慮電離層的先驗(yàn)誤差信息,忽略了電離層探測(cè)設(shè)備的誤差,使得估計(jì)的參數(shù)不夠精確。圍繞以上問題,本文展開了深入研究,主要工作如下:(1)基于最大似然法的電離層相位污染校正算法提出了一種基于最大似然法的天波OTH雷達(dá)電離層相位污染校正算法。該方法將Bragg峰建模為相位多項(xiàng)式,通過最大化信號(hào)的似然函數(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)污染相位的估計(jì)和校正。為了避免最大似然法中的矩陣求逆運(yùn)算,該算法進(jìn)一步將最大似然問題轉(zhuǎn)化為最小二乘問題,再通過遺傳算法求解相位系數(shù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該算法比已有算法的校正效果更好。(2)基于Hankel矩陣分解的機(jī)動(dòng)目標(biāo)探測(cè)算法提出了一種基于Hankel矩陣分解的天波OTH雷達(dá)機(jī)動(dòng)目標(biāo)探測(cè)方法。該算法將目標(biāo)參數(shù)的估計(jì)問題轉(zhuǎn)化為基于線性主成分分析的凸優(yōu)化問題,將回波信號(hào)構(gòu)造為Hankel矩陣并進(jìn)行矩陣分解,然后分別求解低秩矩陣和稀疏矩陣的時(shí)頻分布,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)多目標(biāo)同時(shí)探測(cè)。本文給出仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了該算法比已有算法具有更高的精度。(3)目標(biāo)與電離層參數(shù)聯(lián)合估計(jì)算法提出了一種天波OTH雷達(dá)目標(biāo)與電離層參數(shù)聯(lián)合估計(jì)算法。該算法利用了電離層探測(cè)設(shè)備的先驗(yàn)誤差信息,把待估參數(shù)設(shè)置為目標(biāo)與電離層聯(lián)合參數(shù),利用解析模型將電離層探測(cè)設(shè)備誤差轉(zhuǎn)化為目標(biāo)參數(shù)誤差,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合估計(jì)。仿真結(jié)果表明,該方法可以明顯提升已有算法的精度,比傳統(tǒng)算法更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:The sky wave over-the-horizon (Over-The-Horizon,OTH) radar can detect the target by transmitting high frequency electromagnetic wave into the air and receiving the echo reflected by the ionosphere. Tianbo OTH radar is widely used in remote strategic early warning, anti-drug smuggling, air and sea traffic management, environmental remote sensing, nuclear explosion monitoring and other fields because of its long detection distance, high efficiency and cost ratio and "four resistance" characteristics, which makes it widely used in remote strategic early warning, anti-drug smuggling, air and sea traffic management, environmental remote sensing, nuclear explosion monitoring and so on. Sky wave OTH radar has many advantages, but also has many shortcomings and challenges. First of all, because of the working mechanism of its reflection through the ionosphere, the echo signal will be polluted by the ionosphere phase, which widens the powerful sea impurity spectrum and brings difficulties to the detection of ship targets. However, the maneuverability of the target will cause the Doppler spectrum spread of the echo, and the apparent coherence accumulation time of OTH radar will increase the degree of spread, which is disadvantageous to the estimation of target parameters. In addition, when the sky wave OTH radar calculates the target parameters, the prior error information of the ionosphere is not taken into account, and the error of the ionosphere detection equipment is ignored, so that the estimated parameters are not accurate enough. Around the above problems, the main work is as follows: (1) based on the maximum likelihood method, an ionosphere phase pollution correction algorithm based on the maximum likelihood method is proposed, which is based on the maximum likelihood method for the correction of ionosphere phase pollution in sky wave OTH radar. In this method, the Bragg peak is modeled as a phase polynomial, and the pollution phase is estimated and corrected by maximizing the likelihood function of the signal. In order to avoid the matrix inversion in the maximum likelihood method, the maximum likelihood problem is further transformed into the least square problem, and then the phase coefficient is solved by genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the correction effect of this algorithm is better than that of the existing algorithms. (2) A maneuvering target detection algorithm based on Hankel matrix decomposition is proposed. A maneuvering target detection method of sky-wave OTH radar based on Hankel matrix decomposition is proposed. In this algorithm, the estimation problem of target parameters is transformed into a convex optimization problem based on linear principal component analysis. The echo signal is constructed as Hankel matrix and decomposed into matrix, and then the time-frequency distribution of low rank matrix and sparse matrix is solved respectively, so as to realize the simultaneous detection of multiple targets. In this paper, the simulation results show that the algorithm has higher accuracy than the existing algorithm. (3) A joint estimation algorithm of target and ionosphere parameters for sky-wave OTH radar is proposed. The algorithm makes use of the prior error information of the ionosphere detection equipment, sets the parameters to be estimated as the joint parameters of the target and the ionosphere, and converts the errors of the ionosphere exploration equipment into the target parameter errors by using the analytical model, so as to realize the joint estimation. The simulation results show that this method can obviously improve the accuracy of the existing algorithms, and has more advantages than the traditional algorithms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN958.93

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