【摘要】：本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容是國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目— “基于輪軌噪聲的軌道安全檢測(cè)原理研究”的一部分。項(xiàng)目試圖對(duì)列車輪軌相互作用所產(chǎn)生噪聲信號(hào)進(jìn)行研究,目的是提取噪聲所包含的輪軌系統(tǒng)的故障信息,能夠?qū)﹁F路軌道系統(tǒng)的故障狀況進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)的動(dòng)態(tài)檢測(cè),以便于優(yōu)化我國(guó)鐵路運(yùn)輸安全的故障檢測(cè)能力。本文是該項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié),也是該項(xiàng)目的重要組成部分,目的是通過對(duì)輪軌噪聲源位置的確定,為下一步進(jìn)行輪軌缺陷識(shí)別提供有效的位置信息。本文主要內(nèi)容如下所述:第一,構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)采集實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。數(shù)據(jù)采集平臺(tái)是實(shí)驗(yàn)的硬件部分,其主要任務(wù)是采集聲音信號(hào)并進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單信號(hào)調(diào)理,并且實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)復(fù)雜音頻信號(hào)的采集與處理。第二,針對(duì)此項(xiàng)目具體要求特性,對(duì)聲音的近場(chǎng)和遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)模型進(jìn)行判定,判明本文研究的聲場(chǎng)類型及定位范圍:介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外典型的三種聲源定位算法,根據(jù)其特點(diǎn)選擇適合本文的算法深入研究。第三,研究基于可控波束的定位法,進(jìn)行仿真分析然后優(yōu)化算法;將縮減空間搜索的算法引入到輪軌噪聲故障診斷定位領(lǐng)域,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明改進(jìn)后算法精度提高36%,算法耗時(shí)僅為之前28%,同時(shí)該算法具有良好的抗噪性。第四,研究基于時(shí)延的定位法,仿真分析并建立一套實(shí)際的定位系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)現(xiàn)了等邊三角形陣列對(duì)三維聲源坐標(biāo)的定位功能,結(jié)合本項(xiàng)目的情況進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果得最大誤差值在誤差允許范圍之內(nèi),方案可行。
[Abstract]:The research content of this paper is a part of the project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation-the Research on the principle of track Safety Detection based on Wheel-Rail noise. The purpose of the project is to extract the fault information of the wheel-rail system contained in the noise, and to detect the fault state of the railway track system in real time. In order to optimize the fault detection ability of railway transportation safety in China. This paper is a basic part of the project and an important part of the project. The purpose of this paper is to provide effective location information for the identification of wheel-rail defects by determining the location of wheel-rail noise sources. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, build a data acquisition experimental platform. The data acquisition platform is the hardware part of the experiment. Its main task is to collect the sound signal and adjust the simple signal, and realize the acquisition and processing of the complex audio signal. Secondly, according to the specific requirements of this project, the near-field and far-field models of sound are judged, and the types and localization range of sound field studied in this paper are determined. Three typical sound source localization algorithms at home and abroad are introduced. According to its characteristics, the algorithm suitable for this paper is selected for further study. Thirdly, the localization method based on controllable beam is studied, the simulation analysis is carried out and then the algorithm is optimized, and the reduced space search algorithm is introduced into the fault diagnosis and location field of wheel-rail noise. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the improved algorithm is improved by 36%, the time consuming of the algorithm is only 28%, and the algorithm has good anti-noise performance. Fourthly, the localization method based on time delay is studied, and a set of actual positioning system is established to carry out experiments. The function of equilateral triangle array to locate 3D sound source coordinates is realized. The experiment analysis is carried out according to the situation of this project. It is found that the maximum error of the experimental results is within the range of error, and the scheme is feasible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN912.3

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本文編號(hào)：2247946