基于基片集成波導毫米波單脈沖天線的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-23 19:57
【摘要】：單脈沖雷達天線通過單個回波脈沖就可以獲取出目標的全部方向信息及距離信息,具有很高的定位精度和極強的抗干擾能力,已廣泛應用于彈載末制導系統(tǒng)中。為滿足平臺的特殊要求,理想的單脈沖天線應具有體積小、重量輕、易集成等特點�；刹▽�(SIW)是近年來提出的一種新型導波電路。它結合了微帶電路和矩形波導的優(yōu)點,具有成本低、重量輕、結構緊湊、易與其他有源及無源電路集成的特性,已經被廣泛使用于低剖面微波器件設計中。本論文有機結合SIW技術與平面裂縫陣天線技術,提出了一種具有低剖面、輕重量、低旁瓣、高增益的毫米波單脈沖天線系統(tǒng)�？傮w尺寸為80mm?144mm?1.088mm。設計結果表明,該天線增益為27.82d B,俯仰面和波束副瓣電平為-29dB,方位面和波束副瓣電平為-24.1dB。具體研究內容如下:1、為了實現天線俯仰面方向圖低旁瓣特性,采用泰勒分布方法設計了兩根背靠背16槽縫隙天線結構。論文首先對SIW的傳輸特性以及駐波裂縫陣的設計方法開展了理論研究,基于該理論完成了參數優(yōu)化設計程序的編制,并給出了一維裂縫陣的設計參數。仿真得到天線的增益為18.23dB,旁瓣電平為-30.2dB。其次,將8條同樣的縫隙天線組成天線陣面進行仿真,得到了俯仰面和方位面方向的和差波束。最大增益為27.82dB,俯仰面內旁瓣電平為-29dB,方位面內旁瓣電平為-13.1dB。2、為了實現天線方位面方向圖低旁瓣特性,設計了八路同樣具有泰勒分布的SIW功分網絡。文中首先開展了8路均勻功分網絡的設計,然后對T型、Y型不等功分網絡進行分析;在此設計基礎上調節(jié)電流分支處和拐角處的電感柱的相對位置,實現了各輸出端口功率滿足泰勒分布,相位滿足同相。進而將功分網絡與天線陣進行聯合仿真,結果表明采用該功分網絡能夠有效降低天線方位面旁瓣電平,且較均勻功分系統(tǒng)相比副瓣電平降低了11dB。3、為了對輻射天線饋電,形成和差波束,設計了SIW單脈沖比較器。其由定向耦合器、移相器和SIW到矩形波導的過渡結構組成。在34-36GHz頻帶內,各端口回波損耗基本都在-25dB以下,幅度不一致性小于0.6dB,相位不一致性小于3.9deg;同時,結合項目需要,利用相同的設計方法完成了另一種基于卡式結構的單脈沖天線配套比較器設計。4、完成了毫米波單脈沖天線一體化系統(tǒng)設計。并對過渡段結構以及對基于卡式結構單脈沖天線配套的單脈沖比較器進行了實物加工以及測試;同時為了驗證一維線陣方法,對早期加工的單脈沖均勻饋電裂縫陣天線進行測試。本文的特色有三點。第一、在設計SIW多路功分網絡時,傳統(tǒng)的做法是采用等功率輸出。本文首次在功分網絡中采用泰勒口徑分布,實現了整個天線陣面方位面低旁瓣特性。第二、在設計SIW單脈沖比較器時,傳統(tǒng)的是采用微帶線過渡結構進行測試。本文在單脈沖比較器中采用基片集成波導到矩形波導的過渡結構,降低了整體結構的插損。第三、在設計整個SIW單脈沖天線時,本文在天線的方位面和俯仰面上同時采用泰勒分布,降低了天線方位面和俯仰面的旁瓣電平。
[Abstract]:Monopulse radar antenna can obtain all direction information and range information of the target through a single echo pulse. It has high positioning accuracy and strong anti-jamming ability. It has been widely used in missile-borne terminal guidance system. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is a new type of guided wave circuit proposed in recent years. It combines the advantages of microstrip circuit and rectangular waveguide, has the characteristics of low cost, light weight, compact structure, easy integration with other active and passive circuits, and has been widely used in the design of low profile microwave devices. A millimeter wave monopulse antenna system with low profile, light weight, low sidelobe and high gain is presented. The overall size of the system is 80mm? 144mm? 1.088mm. The design results show that the gain of the antenna is 27.82dB, the pitch and beam sidelobe levels are - 29dB, and the azimuth and beam sidelobe levels are - 24.1dB. The main contents are as follows: 1. In order to realize the low sidelobe characteristic of the antenna pitch pattern, two 16 slot back-to-back slot antenna structures are designed by Taylor distribution method. Firstly, the transmission characteristics of SIW and the design method of standing wave slot array are studied theoretically. Based on this theory, the parameter optimization program is compiled and given. The gain of the antenna is 18.23 dB and the sidelobe level is - 30.2 dB. Secondly, the sum and difference beams of the pitch and azimuth directions are obtained by simulating 8 same slot antennas. The maximum gain is 27.82 dB, the sidelobe level in the pitch is - 29 dB and the sidelobe level in the azimuth plane is - 29 dB. - 13.1dB.2. In order to realize the low sidelobe characteristic of antenna azimuth pattern, eight SIW power divider networks with Taylor distribution are designed. Firstly, eight uniform power divider networks are designed, and then T-type and Y-type unequal power divider networks are analyzed. Then the power dividing network and the antenna array are jointly simulated. The results show that the power dividing network can effectively reduce the sidelobe level of the azimuth plane of the antenna, and the sidelobe level of the uniform power dividing system is reduced by 11 dB.3 compared with that of the uniform power dividing system. The SIW monopulse comparator consists of directional coupler, phase shifter and the transition structure from SIW to rectangular waveguide. In the frequency band of 34-36GHz, the return loss of each port is basically below - 25dB, the amplitude inconsistency is less than 0.6dB, and the phase inconsistency is less than 3.9deg. In order to verify the one-dimensional linear array method, the design of millimeter-wave monopulse antenna integrated system is completed. The transition section structure and the monopulse comparator based on the single-pulse antenna are fabricated and tested. The characteristics of this paper are as follows: Firstly, when designing the SIW multi-channel power divider network, the traditional method is to use equal power output. In this paper, the Taylor aperture distribution is used in the power divider network for the first time to realize the low sidelobe characteristics of the whole antenna array. Secondly, the SIW single-channel power divider network is designed. In this paper, the transition structure from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide is used in monopulse comparator to reduce the insertion loss of the whole structure. The sidelobe level of antenna azimuth and pitch plane is reduced.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN820
本文編號：2199756
[Abstract]:Monopulse radar antenna can obtain all direction information and range information of the target through a single echo pulse. It has high positioning accuracy and strong anti-jamming ability. It has been widely used in missile-borne terminal guidance system. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is a new type of guided wave circuit proposed in recent years. It combines the advantages of microstrip circuit and rectangular waveguide, has the characteristics of low cost, light weight, compact structure, easy integration with other active and passive circuits, and has been widely used in the design of low profile microwave devices. A millimeter wave monopulse antenna system with low profile, light weight, low sidelobe and high gain is presented. The overall size of the system is 80mm? 144mm? 1.088mm. The design results show that the gain of the antenna is 27.82dB, the pitch and beam sidelobe levels are - 29dB, and the azimuth and beam sidelobe levels are - 24.1dB. The main contents are as follows: 1. In order to realize the low sidelobe characteristic of the antenna pitch pattern, two 16 slot back-to-back slot antenna structures are designed by Taylor distribution method. Firstly, the transmission characteristics of SIW and the design method of standing wave slot array are studied theoretically. Based on this theory, the parameter optimization program is compiled and given. The gain of the antenna is 18.23 dB and the sidelobe level is - 30.2 dB. Secondly, the sum and difference beams of the pitch and azimuth directions are obtained by simulating 8 same slot antennas. The maximum gain is 27.82 dB, the sidelobe level in the pitch is - 29 dB and the sidelobe level in the azimuth plane is - 29 dB. - 13.1dB.2. In order to realize the low sidelobe characteristic of antenna azimuth pattern, eight SIW power divider networks with Taylor distribution are designed. Firstly, eight uniform power divider networks are designed, and then T-type and Y-type unequal power divider networks are analyzed. Then the power dividing network and the antenna array are jointly simulated. The results show that the power dividing network can effectively reduce the sidelobe level of the azimuth plane of the antenna, and the sidelobe level of the uniform power dividing system is reduced by 11 dB.3 compared with that of the uniform power dividing system. The SIW monopulse comparator consists of directional coupler, phase shifter and the transition structure from SIW to rectangular waveguide. In the frequency band of 34-36GHz, the return loss of each port is basically below - 25dB, the amplitude inconsistency is less than 0.6dB, and the phase inconsistency is less than 3.9deg. In order to verify the one-dimensional linear array method, the design of millimeter-wave monopulse antenna integrated system is completed. The transition section structure and the monopulse comparator based on the single-pulse antenna are fabricated and tested. The characteristics of this paper are as follows: Firstly, when designing the SIW multi-channel power divider network, the traditional method is to use equal power output. In this paper, the Taylor aperture distribution is used in the power divider network for the first time to realize the low sidelobe characteristics of the whole antenna array. Secondly, the SIW single-channel power divider network is designed. In this paper, the transition structure from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide is used in monopulse comparator to reduce the insertion loss of the whole structure. The sidelobe level of antenna azimuth and pitch plane is reduced.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN820
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