基于能量比的水下分布式傳感器網(wǎng)絡目標跟蹤
本文選題:水下分布式無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡 + 傳感器能量比; 參考:《浙江大學》2016年碩士論文
【摘要】:基于水下傳感器網(wǎng)絡的目標跟蹤是水聲工程應用研究的一個重要方向,水下分布傳感器網(wǎng)絡目標跟蹤技術涉及目標檢測、定位和跟蹤、水聲通信等技術。本文根據(jù)水下聲傳播特點,在基于能量定位方法和貝葉斯濾波跟蹤算法基礎上,開展了基于能量比的水下分布式傳感器網(wǎng)絡目標跟蹤技術的研究。本文在水下分布傳感器網(wǎng)絡框架下進行了以下分析與研究:1.研究并推導了水下聲能衰減模型,擬合了舟山淺海環(huán)境下的聲能衰減系數(shù)。利用Kraken模型仿真了分布式傳感器網(wǎng)絡節(jié)點布放于舟山淺海海域的海底,聲源在水下等深度運動時,聲源輻射寬帶信號100-1000Hz時的傳播特性,擬合得到聲能衰減規(guī)律。2.在各個傳感器節(jié)點內(nèi),對接收到的目標聲能實現(xiàn)能量檢測。首先將信號和噪聲都建模為高斯過程,討論了高斯白噪聲中的隨機高斯信號的檢測問題,導出了似然比檢驗統(tǒng)計量,并給出了檢測性能的分析。為了進一步降低虛警概率的影響,提出了雙閾值能量檢測器:在似然比檢驗之后增加一級過門限能量的計數(shù)閾值比較。3.利用網(wǎng)絡內(nèi)各節(jié)點獲取的聲能采樣數(shù)據(jù)構造能量比數(shù)據(jù),并用最小二乘方法實現(xiàn)了對水下運動目標的定位。仿真分析了不同傳感器個數(shù)、不同分布區(qū)域以及不同能量比構造對于定位精度的影響。4.將能量比數(shù)據(jù)作為觀測量,導出了非線性觀察方程,并對觀察方程做線性化處理,構造了基于能量比的狀態(tài)一空間模型。采用擴展卡爾曼濾波實現(xiàn)對勻速直線運動目標的跟蹤,獲得較最小二乘方法更優(yōu)的定位結果。
[Abstract]:Target tracking based on underwater sensor network is an important direction of underwater acoustic engineering application research. Underwater distributed sensor network target tracking technology involves target detection, location and tracking, underwater acoustic communication and other technologies. According to the characteristics of underwater acoustic propagation, based on the energy localization method and Bayesian filter tracking algorithm, the target tracking technology of underwater distributed sensor networks based on energy ratio is studied in this paper. In this paper, the following analysis and research are carried out under the framework of underwater distributed sensor networks: 1. The underwater sound energy attenuation model is studied and deduced, and the sound energy attenuation coefficient in the shallow water environment of Zhoushan is fitted. Kraken model is used to simulate the propagation characteristics of the distributed sensor network nodes in the seabed of the shallow sea area of Zhoushan. When the sound source is moving at the same depth under water, the propagation characteristics of the sound source radiating the broadband signal 100-1000Hz are simulated, and the attenuation law of sound energy is obtained. In each sensor node, the received target sound energy can be detected. Firstly, the signal and noise are modeled as Gao Si process, and the detection problem of the random Gao Si signal is discussed. The likelihood ratio test statistic is derived, and the detection performance is analyzed. In order to further reduce the influence of false alarm probability, a dual-threshold energy detector is proposed. The energy ratio data are constructed from the sound energy sampling data obtained from each node in the network, and the location of underwater moving targets is realized by using the least square method. The effects of the number of sensors, different distribution regions and different energy ratio on the positioning accuracy are analyzed by simulation. Taking the energy ratio data as the observation data, the nonlinear observation equation is derived, and the observation equation is linearized, and a state-space model based on the energy ratio is constructed. The extended Kalman filter is used to track the moving target with uniform velocity and the result is better than that of the least square method.
【學位授予單位】:浙江大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:TN929.3;TP212.9
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