本文選題：交通監(jiān)控 + 突發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)��； 參考：《遼寧大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)是由大量分布在特定區(qū)域內(nèi)的傳感器節(jié)點組成,并且以無線通信的方式將感知到的數(shù)據(jù)傳送到Sink節(jié)點。由于其獨特的優(yōu)勢,WSN在國防軍事、環(huán)境監(jiān)控、工業(yè)技術、智能交通等方面獲得了廣泛的應用。在交通發(fā)達的當今社會,由于車輛快速增多,對交通監(jiān)控的需求也不斷地加大。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡以其自身的特點,在交通監(jiān)控中迅速發(fā)展起來。而MAC協(xié)議是影響無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡性能的關鍵技術。所以,設計一種適合交通監(jiān)控需求的MAC協(xié)議具有十分重要的意義。本文針對于交通監(jiān)控中突發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)實時性問題,提出一種基于模糊聚類的媒體訪問控制(Fuzzy Clustering MAC,FC-MAC)協(xié)議。FC-MAC協(xié)議的設計內(nèi)容,具體分為以下幾個方面。首先,該協(xié)議采用TDMA和改進的CSMA/CA交替工作的方式,即保證了普通周期數(shù)據(jù)的傳遞,又增強了突發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)的實時性。在改進的CSMA/CA階段,提出模糊聚類分析的方法。簇頭節(jié)點根據(jù)因素向量聚類簇內(nèi)節(jié)點,劃分簇內(nèi)節(jié)點的類別。聚類后的簇內(nèi)節(jié)點根據(jù)類別決定競爭接入?yún)?shù),動態(tài)地區(qū)分接入優(yōu)先級,降低競爭階段的碰撞概率,使優(yōu)先級較高的節(jié)點突發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)能夠更早地接入信道完成傳輸,保證整個網(wǎng)絡突發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)的實時性。其次,設計一種分頻算法,實現(xiàn)不同簇的頻率分配,用以消除不同簇之間的通信干擾。并根據(jù)該協(xié)議時隙分配策略與分頻算法的參數(shù),提出一種分層隨機延遲策略。該策略使簇頭節(jié)點在網(wǎng)絡初始階段隨機延遲若干個時隙塊,使簇間發(fā)送階段動態(tài)分層,從而減少同一時段內(nèi)競爭接入Sink節(jié)點的簇頭數(shù)量,降低簇頭節(jié)點之間因退避而產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)延遲。最后,本文在NS-2平臺下模擬十字路口環(huán)境,針對該協(xié)議的特征設定具體的仿真參數(shù)進行仿真實驗。實驗結果表明,FC-MAC在網(wǎng)絡吞吐量,突發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)傳播時延方面有較好的性能,并且對網(wǎng)絡業(yè)務流量具有更好的適應性。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) is composed of a large number of sensor nodes distributed in a specific area, and the perceived data is transmitted to the Sink node by wireless communication. Because of its unique advantages, WSN has been widely used in defense and military, environmental monitoring, industrial technology, intelligent transportation and so on. In the modern society with developed traffic, the demand for traffic monitoring is increasing because of the rapid increase of vehicles. Wireless sensor network (WSN) has developed rapidly in traffic monitoring with its own characteristics. MAC protocol is the key technology to affect the performance of wireless sensor networks. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a MAC protocol suitable for traffic monitoring. In order to solve the real-time problem of burst data in traffic monitoring, this paper presents a fuzzy Clustering MAC protocol based on fuzzy clustering, which can be divided into the following aspects. Firstly, the protocol uses TDMA and improved CSMA/CA to work alternately, which not only ensures the transfer of general periodic data, but also enhances the real-time performance of burst data. In the improved CSMA/CA stage, a fuzzy clustering analysis method is proposed. Cluster head nodes are grouped into cluster nodes according to factor vectors. After clustering, the cluster nodes decide the competitive access parameters according to the category, dynamically divide the access priority, reduce the collision probability in the competition stage, so that the higher priority node burst data can access the channel earlier to complete the transmission. Ensure the real time of the whole network burst data. Secondly, a frequency division algorithm is designed to realize the frequency allocation of different clusters to eliminate the communication interference between different clusters. According to the time slot allocation strategy and the parameters of the frequency division algorithm, a layered random delay strategy is proposed. The strategy makes cluster head nodes delay several slot blocks randomly in the initial phase of the network, and dynamically delaminate the transmission phase between clusters, thus reducing the number of cluster heads competing to access Sink nodes in the same period of time. Reduce the data delay caused by Backoff between cluster head nodes. Finally, this paper simulates the crossroad environment under the NS-2 platform, and sets the specific simulation parameters according to the characteristics of the protocol to carry on the simulation experiment. The experimental results show that FC-MAC has better performance in network throughput and burst data propagation delay, and has better adaptability to network traffic.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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