本文選題：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)　切入點(diǎn)：6LoWPAN　出處：《沈陽理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：IPv6是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)通信發(fā)展的必然趨勢,必定能夠逐步取代IPv4成為新一代的IP通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而近幾年物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的興起,對普通傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)對接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提出了新的要求。由于過去傳統(tǒng)的IP協(xié)議棧并不適用于資源和能量受限的無線傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)。因此,一系列為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)專門設(shè)計(jì)的協(xié)議應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。在這些協(xié)議當(dāng)中,6Lo WPAN是實(shí)現(xiàn)IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)和無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)的最佳協(xié)議棧;RPL是專門為低功耗有損網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)的路由協(xié)議;CoAP作為輕量級的應(yīng)用層協(xié)議,可有效降低節(jié)點(diǎn)功耗,延長電池使用壽命。雖然目前這些協(xié)議還在進(jìn)一步制定和完善當(dāng)中,但今后必將成為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一部分。本課題的研究重點(diǎn)就是將上述協(xié)議運(yùn)用到實(shí)際當(dāng)中,以實(shí)物的形式展示上述協(xié)議的使用方法和實(shí)際效果,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)一種符合未來發(fā)展方向的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用平臺。本文在深入研究IPv6和相關(guān)協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)之上,參考物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用模型,采用了一種端到端的網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)了一種包括節(jié)點(diǎn)和網(wǎng)關(guān)兩部分的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用平臺。本課題的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)盡量滿足通用性和可擴(kuò)展性原則,以便適應(yīng)更多應(yīng)用場景和今后改進(jìn)升級。節(jié)點(diǎn)可連接多種傳感器和控制器,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)信息感知和智能控制等功能。硬件以STM32F103(內(nèi)含Contiki OS)為主控制器,采用802.15.4無線模塊進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā),并預(yù)留多種總線IO,方便擴(kuò)展其他傳感器和控制器。軟件借助開源操作系統(tǒng)Contiki所提供的RPL和6LoWPAN協(xié)議棧,實(shí)現(xiàn)了IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信,并開發(fā)了基于CoAP協(xié)議的簡單網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序。網(wǎng)關(guān)為無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點(diǎn)分配前綴,并支持路由選擇,和有線網(wǎng)絡(luò)通過IPv6協(xié)議進(jìn)行通信,從而溝通有線網(wǎng)絡(luò)和無線網(wǎng)絡(luò),起到數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)存儲的作用�？紤]到應(yīng)用環(huán)境的多樣性和復(fù)雜性,決定采用嵌入式全功能的IPv6物聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)關(guān)。設(shè)計(jì)以ARM-A8核CPU+嵌入式LINUX操作系統(tǒng)為主體的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)關(guān)軟件和硬件結(jié)構(gòu)。最后,對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行一系列測試,分析了本系統(tǒng)的性能指標(biāo),提出了在特定場合下應(yīng)用應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng),指出了進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)和優(yōu)化的方向。
[Abstract]:IPv6 is the inevitable trend of the development of Internet communication, it will gradually replace IPv4 as a new generation of IP communication standard, and the rise of Internet of things in recent years, A new requirement is put forward for the common sensor nodes to access the Internet. Because the traditional IP protocol stack was not suitable for wireless sensor nodes with limited resources and energy in the past, Among these protocols, 6Lo WPAN is the best protocol stack for the interconnection between IPv6 networks and wireless sensor networks. RPLs are routing protocols specially designed for low-power lossy networks. As a lightweight application layer protocol, It can effectively reduce node power consumption and prolong battery life. Although these protocols are still in the process of further development and improvement, But in the future, it will become a part of the Internet of things standard. The research focus of this topic is to apply the above protocol to practice, and to demonstrate the use method and practical effect of the above protocol in the form of material object. This paper designs and implements a kind of Internet of things application platform which conforms to the future development direction. Based on the in-depth study of IPv6 and related protocol standards, and referring to the Internet of things application model, this paper adopts an end-to-end network architecture. This paper designs a kind of Internet of things application platform including nodes and gateways. The software and hardware design of this subject can satisfy the principle of generality and expansibility as far as possible. In order to adapt to more application scenarios and improve and upgrade in the future. Nodes can connect a variety of sensors and controllers, can achieve information awareness and intelligent control functions. Hardware STM32F103 (including Contiki OS) as the main controller, Using 802.15.4 wireless module to send and receive data, and reserving various kinds of bus IOs, it is convenient to extend other sensors and controllers. With the help of RPL and 6LoWPAN protocol stack provided by open source operating system Contiki, the software realizes IPv6 network communication. A simple network application program based on CoAP protocol is developed. The gateway distributes prefixes to nodes in wireless network, supports routing, communicates with wired network through IPv6 protocol, and then communicates wired network and wireless network. Act as a data forwarding store. Considering the diversity and complexity of the application environment, The software and hardware structure of the Internet of things gateway based on the ARM-A8 core CPU embedded LINUX operating system is designed. Finally, a series of tests are carried out on the system, and the performance index of the system is analyzed. The matters needing attention in the application in a special situation are put forward, and the direction of further improvement and optimization is pointed out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.44;TN929.5

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本文編號：1680912