【摘要】：近年來，我國公路運(yùn)輸發(fā)展勢(shì)頭十分迅猛，成為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)崛起一大助力。與此同時(shí)，道路交通管理問題日益復(fù)雜也成為有關(guān)部門不得不面臨的一大挑戰(zhàn)。各種違章、違法現(xiàn)象屢見不鮮，尤以超速行駛危害最大。目前，我國各地有關(guān)部門對(duì)道路車輛行駛速度的監(jiān)控主要依賴?yán)走_(dá)測(cè)速儀。然而，雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀測(cè)速不準(zhǔn)的現(xiàn)象時(shí)有發(fā)生，極大的降低了有關(guān)部門執(zhí)法的公正性和權(quán)威性。質(zhì)疑雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀準(zhǔn)確性和合法性的聲音此起彼伏，使其陷入了“測(cè)人”需先“測(cè)己”的尷尬境地。解決問題的唯一辦法就是有關(guān)部門運(yùn)用雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀檢定裝置，對(duì)雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀在投入使用前和到計(jì)量周期后進(jìn)行可靠性檢定。目前國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)上雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀檢定裝置種類繁多，然而檢定條件均比較苛刻，需要在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下完成，這對(duì)于大量固定安裝在道路上的測(cè)速系統(tǒng)來說，操作起來十分困難，而且檢定的環(huán)境過于理想化，忽視了道路環(huán)境、氣候、安裝角度、電磁干擾等對(duì)雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀造成的干擾。 本文在大量分析和論證的基礎(chǔ)之上，開發(fā)了一種新的雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀檢定裝置。該裝置可在雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀安裝位置就地開展檢定工作，省去了送檢的麻煩，并最大程度的還原了被測(cè)系統(tǒng)的使用環(huán)境，提高了檢定結(jié)果的有效性。本文的設(shè)計(jì)思路是使用該裝置與被測(cè)雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)對(duì)同一輛測(cè)試用車進(jìn)行速度采集，并將二者獲取的車速數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)對(duì)比，以此達(dá)到檢定雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀的目的。 本裝置由車速采集設(shè)備和上位機(jī)（PC）數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件構(gòu)成。所需車速信號(hào)由車速傳感器提供，因其直接來源于車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，，保證了數(shù)據(jù)的“原生態(tài)”，可靠性高。針對(duì)磁電式輪速傳感器和霍爾式車速傳感器分別設(shè)計(jì)了兩種不同的接口，保證設(shè)備能夠滿足大部分測(cè)試用車使用。車速采集設(shè)備由信號(hào)預(yù)調(diào)理電路、單片機(jī)、顯示部分和無線收發(fā)模塊構(gòu)成。磁電式輪速傳感器抗干擾能力差，產(chǎn)生的正弦波信號(hào)有大量干擾，且電壓幅值受車速影響明顯，因此需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行預(yù)調(diào)理。通過二極管雙向限幅電路、二階有源低通濾波電路和施密特觸發(fā)器組成的預(yù)調(diào)理電路，將其轉(zhuǎn)換為頻率不變，占空比適中的方波，供單片機(jī)計(jì)算車速使用；霍爾式車速傳感器因其自身優(yōu)勢(shì)而不需要經(jīng)過預(yù)調(diào)理電路即可用于計(jì)算。顯示部分為LED數(shù)碼管，顯示車速精確到小數(shù)點(diǎn)后一位，便于駕駛?cè)藛T對(duì)速度的掌控。無線收發(fā)模塊用于單片機(jī)與上位機(jī)之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。為保證數(shù)據(jù)傳遞的同步性，我們選取上位機(jī)軟件為主節(jié)點(diǎn)，雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀與車速采集設(shè)備為從節(jié)點(diǎn)。主節(jié)點(diǎn)在測(cè)試過程中，每1ms向兩個(gè)從節(jié)點(diǎn)同時(shí)發(fā)出數(shù)據(jù)請(qǐng)求，從節(jié)點(diǎn)接收到數(shù)據(jù)請(qǐng)求命令后，同時(shí)向主節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)送車速數(shù)據(jù)，主節(jié)點(diǎn)在接收到二者的車速數(shù)據(jù)后，進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析、存檔并給出檢定報(bào)告。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country highway transportation development momentum is very rapid, become our country economic rise a great help. At the same time, the increasing complexity of road traffic management has become a major challenge for the relevant departments. All kinds of violations, illegal phenomena are common, especially speeding the greatest harm. At present, the relative departments of our country mainly rely on radar velocimeter to monitor the speed of road vehicles. However, the phenomenon that the radar velocimeter is not allowed to measure the velocity often occurs, which greatly reduces the fairness and authority of the law enforcement of the relevant departments. The sound of questioning the accuracy and legality of radar velocimeter has caused it to fall into the awkward position of "measuring oneself" first. The only way to solve the problem is to use the calibration device of radar velocimeter to verify the reliability of radar velocimeter before it is put into use and after the period of measurement. At present, there are many kinds of calibration devices for radar velocimeter in the domestic market, however, the verification conditions are relatively harsh and need to be completed in laboratory conditions, which is very difficult to operate for a large number of fixed speed measuring systems installed on roads. Moreover, the verification environment is too idealized, neglecting the interference caused by road environment, climate, installation angle, electromagnetic interference and so on to radar velocimeter. On the basis of a great deal of analysis and demonstration, a new calibration device of radar velocimeter is developed in this paper. This device can carry out on-the-spot verification work in the installation position of radar velocimeter, save the trouble of sending to check, restore the operating environment of the tested system to the maximum extent, and improve the validity of the verification results. The design idea of this paper is to use the device and the measured radar system to collect the speed of the same test vehicle and compare the speed data obtained by the two in real-time so as to achieve the purpose of calibrating the radar velocimeter. The device is composed of speed acquisition equipment and upper computer (PC) data analysis software. The required speed signal is provided by the speed sensor, because it is directly from the wheel rotation, which ensures the "original ecology" of the data and high reliability. Two different interfaces for magneto-electric wheel speed sensor and Hall speed sensor are designed to ensure that the equipment can meet the requirements of most test vehicles. Speed acquisition equipment is composed of signal pre-conditioning circuit, single chip microcomputer, display part and wireless transceiver module. The anti-jamming ability of the magnetoelectric wheel speed sensor is poor, the sine wave signal produced by the sensor has a lot of interference, and the voltage amplitude is obviously affected by the speed, so it is necessary to pre-adjust it. Through diode bi-directional limiting circuit, second-order active low-pass filter circuit and Schmitt flip-flop, the circuit is converted into square wave with constant frequency and moderate duty cycle, which can be used to calculate the speed of single-chip computer. Hall speed sensor can be calculated without pre-conditioning circuit because of its advantages. Display part for LED digital tube, display speed accurate to a decimal point, easy for drivers to control the speed. Wireless transceiver module is used for data transmission between MCU and host computer. In order to ensure the synchronization of data transmission, we select the host computer software as the main node, radar velocimeter and speed acquisition equipment as the slave node. During the testing process, each 1ms sends a data request to two slave nodes at the same time. After receiving the data request command from the slave node, the master node sends the speed data to the master node at the same time. After receiving the speed data of the two slave nodes, the master node carries on the data analysis. File and provide verification report.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U495;TN953.1

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