【摘要】：探地雷達(dá)(Ground Penetrating Radar)是利用高頻電磁波來探測目標(biāo)介質(zhì)內(nèi)部物質(zhì)分布規(guī)律的一種地球物理方法。探地雷達(dá)具有高效、無損、實時成像等優(yōu)點,在工程、環(huán)境、水文地質(zhì)調(diào)查、考古、軍事、生物醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域有廣泛的應(yīng)用。隨著探地雷達(dá)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的不斷拓展,人們對探地雷達(dá)技術(shù)的要求也越來越高。因此對探地雷達(dá)技術(shù)的研究具有重要的意義。本文首先對探地雷達(dá)的發(fā)展歷史以及國內(nèi)外的研究進展情況作了詳細(xì)的介紹。其次,介紹了探地雷達(dá)的基本原理以及現(xiàn)有體制分類,著重介紹了脈沖體制探地雷達(dá)的應(yīng)用與優(yōu)缺點。再次,介紹了沖激脈沖探地雷達(dá)接收機的實現(xiàn)原理以及關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。最后,本論文詳細(xì)介紹了接收機的整體規(guī)劃設(shè)計方案,并對涉及到的電路模塊進行了具體的分析與設(shè)計,然后對實際電路進行了調(diào)試并將實驗測得的結(jié)果作了介紹。本文主要研究沖激脈沖探地雷達(dá)接收機系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。探地雷達(dá)接收機是整個系統(tǒng)的核心部件,接收機的性能指標(biāo)直接影響到整個系統(tǒng)的總體性能。本文設(shè)計的接收機由可變增益放大電路、采樣保持電路、高精度延時電路、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換電路、FPGA系統(tǒng)控制電路組成。接收機的指標(biāo)為:工作帶寬在0.1 GHz-1 GHz;靈敏度為-76dBm;等效采樣率2GS/s;噪聲系數(shù)小于2dB;采樣時窗可達(dá)120ns,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對1-5m的地下介質(zhì)進行探測;目標(biāo)分辨率在0.2m。為了實現(xiàn)接收機系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計要求,本文首先研究了可變增益放大電路的實現(xiàn),實現(xiàn)了0dB、20dB、40dB的增益可調(diào)變化。其次,著重研究了基于等效時間采樣原理的采樣電路的實現(xiàn),該部分包含采樣保持電路、高精度延時電路、基于SRD的取樣脈沖電路的設(shè)計等。最后研究了基于FPGA的系統(tǒng)控制電路以及控制程序的實現(xiàn),完成了利用Altera公司的Cyclone III系列的FPGA芯片實現(xiàn)了對接收機系統(tǒng)的整體控制以及對數(shù)字信號的傳輸處理。最后,對設(shè)計的沖激脈沖探地雷達(dá)接收機進行的加工調(diào)試。然后將整個沖激脈沖探地雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)進行了整體測試,特別對設(shè)計的探地雷達(dá)接收機各部分電路進行了實際測試。從測試的結(jié)果可以看出,該接收機能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對回波信號的有效采集,整個接收系統(tǒng)工作穩(wěn)定,設(shè)計參數(shù)滿足指標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Ground penetrating radar (Ground Penetrating Radar) is a geophysical method which uses high frequency electromagnetic waves to detect the distribution of matter in target media. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used in engineering, environment, hydrogeological survey, archaeology, military, biomedicine and so on because of its advantages of high efficiency, nondestructive and real-time imaging. With the development of ground penetrating radar (GPR) applications, the requirements of GPR technology are becoming higher and higher. Therefore, the study of GPR technology is of great significance. In this paper, the history of GPR and the research progress at home and abroad are introduced in detail. Secondly, the basic principle of GPR and the classification of existing systems are introduced, and the application, advantages and disadvantages of GPR with pulse system are emphatically introduced. Thirdly, the realization principle and key technology of impulse pulse ground penetrating radar receiver are introduced. Finally, this paper introduces the overall planning and design scheme of the receiver in detail, analyzes and designs the circuit modules involved, and then debugs the actual circuit and introduces the experimental results. This paper mainly studies the design of impulse ground penetrating radar receiver system. GPR receiver is the core part of the whole system. The performance of the receiver directly affects the overall performance of the whole system. The receiver is composed of variable gain amplifier circuit, sampling and holding circuit, high precision delay circuit, A / D conversion circuit and FPGA system control circuit. The parameters of the receiver are as follows: the sensitivity of the receiver is -76dBm at 0.1 GHz-1 GHz;, the equivalent sampling rate is 2GS / s, the noise coefficient is less than 2dB, and the sampling window can reach 120ns, which can detect the underground media with 1-5m. The target resolution is 0.2 m. In order to meet the design requirements of the receiver system, this paper first studies the realization of the variable gain amplifier circuit, and realizes the adjustable gain variation of the 0dBU 20dBU 40dB. Secondly, the realization of sampling circuit based on equivalent time sampling principle is studied, which includes sampling and holding circuit, high precision delay circuit, sampling pulse circuit based on SRD and so on. Finally, the system control circuit based on FPGA and the realization of the control program are studied. The whole control of the receiver system and the transmission and processing of the digital signal are realized by using the FPGA chip of Cyclone III series of Altera company. Finally, the design of impulse pulse ground penetrating radar receiver processing debugging. Then the whole impulse pulse ground penetrating radar system is tested, especially the circuit of the designed receiver is tested. From the test results, it can be seen that the receiver can realize the effective acquisition of echo signal, the whole receiving system works stably, and the design parameters meet the requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN957.5

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