量子簽名協(xié)議的設計與分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-28 10:37
【摘要】：數(shù)字簽名是現(xiàn)代密碼學的一個重要的分支,在信息安全領域中有著廣泛的應用。數(shù)字簽名能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)身份認證、數(shù)據(jù)完整性保護以及不可否認服務的功能。隨著信息不斷面向數(shù)字化和網(wǎng)絡化的快速發(fā)展,隨之而來的信息安全問題也是我們面臨的亟待解決的問題。傳統(tǒng)意義上的信息安全主要依靠經(jīng)典密碼體制為其提供安全性保障。但隨著計算機運算能力的不斷提高,以各種數(shù)學難題的計算復雜性為基礎的經(jīng)典密碼體制,遭遇到了前所未有的沖擊。融入了量子力學的量子密碼學,相對于經(jīng)典密碼的計算安全而言,可以達到無條件安全,因而受到了越來越多的青睞和廣泛的關注。其中,量子簽名協(xié)議融合了量子密碼學和數(shù)字簽名技術,彌補了普通數(shù)字簽名在安全性上的不足之處,廣泛應用在電子現(xiàn)金和電子合同等電子支付系統(tǒng)中。 在本文中,我們以當下熱門的量子簽名為研究方向,根據(jù)不同的應用場景下的不同需求,設計以及分析改進了多種量子簽名協(xié)議,如量子盲簽名、量子群簽名、帶有仲裁的量子簽名等具體如下： 在量子盲簽名方面,我們提出了第一個基于雙態(tài)向量形式的量子盲簽名協(xié)議,通過雙態(tài)向量形式,我們可以根據(jù)兩次測量的結(jié)果,來推測兩次測量之間的量子系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài),相對于普通的量子態(tài)演變的刻畫,這種刻畫更加的完善,我們利用這種新的量子系統(tǒng)的刻畫,通過兩次測量之間量子態(tài)的關聯(lián)關系來完成盲簽名協(xié)議的設計,較之前的協(xié)議而言,該協(xié)議具有更高的驗證效率。之后,我們對Yang等人對此協(xié)議的改進協(xié)議進行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)并指出了其改進協(xié)議具有安全性漏洞,不能抵抗參與者攻擊方案,并根據(jù)他們的建議,完善了我們的協(xié)議。另外,針對基于會話的盲簽名方案中,我們從信息論角度出發(fā),指出了量子簽名協(xié)議設計中經(jīng)常忽略的信息泄露問題,特別是密鑰信息的泄露是很重要的安全性問題,并在此基礎上,我們提出了增加部分不確定性來補充信息熵的改進方法,減少攻擊者對密鑰信息的獲取。 在量子群簽名方面,我們對一種基于隱形傳態(tài)的量子群簽名進行了分析,并指出該類基于隱形傳態(tài)設計的協(xié)議中,共有的安全性問題,即如何安全地分發(fā)初始的量子糾纏態(tài)。我們結(jié)合目前較為前沿的量子反直觀方案,實現(xiàn)在沒有光子通過量子信道的情況下,三方或者兩方可以安全地共享量子糾纏,提高了協(xié)議的安全性。 在有仲裁的量子簽名方面,我們利用量子單向函數(shù)改進了一種帶有仲裁的量子簽名協(xié)議。從而避免了攻擊者都可以任意偽造合法的量子簽名的問題,而量子單向函數(shù)的應用可以有效地避免目前已知的帶有仲裁的量子簽名的模型的不安全性。
[Abstract]:Digital signature is an important branch of modern cryptography and is widely used in the field of information security. Digital signature can achieve identity authentication, data integrity protection and non-repudiation services. With the rapid development of information oriented to digital and network, the problem of information security is also an urgent problem we face. The information security in the traditional sense mainly depends on the classical cryptosystem to provide the security guarantee for it. However, with the improvement of computer computing ability, the classical cryptosystem, which is based on the computational complexity of various mathematical problems, has encountered an unprecedented impact. Quantum cryptography, which is integrated with quantum mechanics, can achieve unconditional security compared with the computational security of classical cryptography, so it has attracted more and more attention. The quantum signature protocol combines quantum cryptography and digital signature technology, which makes up for the shortcomings of general digital signature in security. It is widely used in electronic payment systems such as electronic cash and electronic contract. In this paper, we design and improve a variety of quantum signature protocols, such as blind quantum signature, quantum group signature, according to the different requirements of different application scenarios, taking the current popular quantum signature as the research direction, and according to the different requirements of different application scenarios, we design and improve a variety of quantum signature protocols, such as quantum blind signature, quantum group signature. The quantum signature with arbitration is as follows: in the aspect of quantum blind signature, we propose the first quantum blind signature protocol based on two-state vector form. To speculate on the state of the quantum system between measurements, which is more perfect than the characterization of the evolution of ordinary quantum states, we use this new characterization of quantum systems. The blind signature protocol is designed by the correlation of quantum states between two measurements. Compared with the previous protocol, the protocol has higher verification efficiency. After that, we analyze the improved protocol of Yang et al., and find out that the improved protocol has security vulnerabilities and can not resist the participant attack scheme. According to their suggestions, we improve our protocol. In addition, in view of the blind signature scheme based on session, we point out the problem of information leakage which is often neglected in the design of quantum signature protocol from the angle of information theory, especially the key information disclosure is an important security problem. On this basis, we propose an improved method of adding some uncertainties to supplement the information entropy, which can reduce the access to key information by attackers. In the aspect of quantum group signature, we analyze a kind of quantum group signature based on teleportation, and point out the common security problem in this kind of protocol based on teleportation, that is, how to distribute the initial quantum entangled state safely. Combining with the current advanced quantum anti-intuitive scheme, we realize that the quantum entanglement can be safely shared between the three or two parties without photon passing through the quantum channel, which improves the security of the protocol. In the case of quantum signature with arbitration, we improve a quantum signature protocol with arbitration by using quantum unidirectional function. Thus, the problem of arbitrary forgery of legitimate quantum signature can be avoided, and the application of quantum unidirectional function can effectively avoid the insecurity of known models with arbitration quantum signature.
【學位授予單位】：北京郵電大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：O413.1;TN918.91
本文編號：2362596
[Abstract]:Digital signature is an important branch of modern cryptography and is widely used in the field of information security. Digital signature can achieve identity authentication, data integrity protection and non-repudiation services. With the rapid development of information oriented to digital and network, the problem of information security is also an urgent problem we face. The information security in the traditional sense mainly depends on the classical cryptosystem to provide the security guarantee for it. However, with the improvement of computer computing ability, the classical cryptosystem, which is based on the computational complexity of various mathematical problems, has encountered an unprecedented impact. Quantum cryptography, which is integrated with quantum mechanics, can achieve unconditional security compared with the computational security of classical cryptography, so it has attracted more and more attention. The quantum signature protocol combines quantum cryptography and digital signature technology, which makes up for the shortcomings of general digital signature in security. It is widely used in electronic payment systems such as electronic cash and electronic contract. In this paper, we design and improve a variety of quantum signature protocols, such as blind quantum signature, quantum group signature, according to the different requirements of different application scenarios, taking the current popular quantum signature as the research direction, and according to the different requirements of different application scenarios, we design and improve a variety of quantum signature protocols, such as quantum blind signature, quantum group signature. The quantum signature with arbitration is as follows: in the aspect of quantum blind signature, we propose the first quantum blind signature protocol based on two-state vector form. To speculate on the state of the quantum system between measurements, which is more perfect than the characterization of the evolution of ordinary quantum states, we use this new characterization of quantum systems. The blind signature protocol is designed by the correlation of quantum states between two measurements. Compared with the previous protocol, the protocol has higher verification efficiency. After that, we analyze the improved protocol of Yang et al., and find out that the improved protocol has security vulnerabilities and can not resist the participant attack scheme. According to their suggestions, we improve our protocol. In addition, in view of the blind signature scheme based on session, we point out the problem of information leakage which is often neglected in the design of quantum signature protocol from the angle of information theory, especially the key information disclosure is an important security problem. On this basis, we propose an improved method of adding some uncertainties to supplement the information entropy, which can reduce the access to key information by attackers. In the aspect of quantum group signature, we analyze a kind of quantum group signature based on teleportation, and point out the common security problem in this kind of protocol based on teleportation, that is, how to distribute the initial quantum entangled state safely. Combining with the current advanced quantum anti-intuitive scheme, we realize that the quantum entanglement can be safely shared between the three or two parties without photon passing through the quantum channel, which improves the security of the protocol. In the case of quantum signature with arbitration, we improve a quantum signature protocol with arbitration by using quantum unidirectional function. Thus, the problem of arbitrary forgery of legitimate quantum signature can be avoided, and the application of quantum unidirectional function can effectively avoid the insecurity of known models with arbitration quantum signature.
【學位授予單位】：北京郵電大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：O413.1;TN918.91
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，本文編號：2362596
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