【摘要】：目前,高增益微帶天線以其定向性高、重量輕和制作簡單等優(yōu)點,吸引了很多學者的目光。這種高增益微帶天線可以廣泛應用于微波領域,如RFID系統(tǒng)、無線通信系統(tǒng)、近場通信、衛(wèi)星導航等。對于單一的天線而言,如果要提升它的增益和定向性,就面臨著其它電磁參數的損失。而隨著人工電磁超材料的提出,通過合理設計超材料的結構單元使其對電場和磁場產生相應的諧振,從而控制其負折射率帶寬的范圍。再通過將超材料單元與天線合理的集成,可以在不大幅度更改天線結構的情況下,提高天線的增益和定向性�；谶@種思想,本文找準目標,有的放矢,結合不同系統(tǒng)對天線的要求,設計了兩款不同類型的超材料天線,以滿足不同的應用需要,這兩種超材料天線結構包括天線單元,饋電網絡以及超材料周期結構。文章的主要內容框架如下:前兩章主要闡述了天線以及負折射率超材料的基本理論和設計理念。第三章設計了一款可以應用于氣象衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)的基于周期性漁網結構超材料單元的的微帶天線,天線部分通過使用陣列結構來提高增益,并使用一個威爾金森功分器和兩個T型分支結構組成饋電網絡,天線結構簡單,輻射性能良好。超材料單元采用漁網結構,該結構單元中間介質版部分采用FR4板材,兩面分別印刷薄金屬銅片,最后將該超材料單元組合成周期結構之后加載于天線的主輻射方向。此款超材料天線在9.2GHz?9.6GHz的增益、定向性和前后比相比于單一的天線都有了顯著的提高。第四章設計了一款可以應用于反導彈系統(tǒng)的基于SRR型(開口諧振環(huán))結構超材料單元的超寬帶Vivaldi天線。在對天線端射性能分析的基礎上,通過在金屬銅片的外邊緣加載開口槽線,并將SRR型超材料單元并排成兩排集成于天線主輻射方向前端。該結構相比于單一的Vivaldi天線結構,在8GHz?18GHz頻段內的增益有了顯著的提高。第五章分別將設計的兩款超材料天線加工生產,并對其各項參數如增益、回波損耗、二維平面方向圖等進行了測試分析。
[Abstract]:At present, high gain microstrip antenna has attracted the attention of many scholars because of its high orientation, light weight and simple fabrication. This kind of high gain microstrip antenna can be widely used in microwave fields, such as RFID system, wireless communication system, near field communication, satellite navigation and so on. For a single antenna, it faces the loss of other electromagnetic parameters if its gain and orientation are improved. With the development of artificial electromagnetic metamaterials, the corresponding resonance to electric and magnetic fields can be obtained by reasonably designing the structural elements of the supermaterials, thus controlling the range of negative refractive index bandwidth. Through the reasonable integration of the metamaterial element and the antenna, the gain and directionality of the antenna can be improved under the condition that the antenna structure is not changed by a large margin. Based on this idea, this paper presents two types of metamaterial antennas to meet the needs of different applications, which include antenna elements. Feed network and metamaterial periodic structure. The main contents are as follows: in the first two chapters, the basic theory and design idea of antenna and negative refractive index metamaterials are discussed. In chapter 3, a microstrip antenna based on periodic fishing net structure supermaterial unit is designed, which can be used in meteorological satellite system. The antenna part improves the gain by using array structure. A Wilkinson power divider and two T-type branches are used to form the feed network. The antenna has simple structure and good radiation performance. The metamaterial element adopts the fishing net structure, the intermediate medium plate of the structure unit adopts FR4 plate, the thin metal copper sheet is printed on both sides, and the supermaterial element is assembled into a periodic structure and loaded in the main radiation direction of the antenna. The gain, orientation, and front-to-front ratio of this metamaterial antenna in 9.2GHz?9.6GHz are significantly improved compared with that of single antenna. In chapter 4, an ultra-wideband (UWB) Vivaldi antenna based on SRR (open resonant ring) structure is designed for anti-missile systems. Based on the analysis of the end-to-end emission performance of the antenna, the open slot line is loaded on the outer edge of the metal copper sheet, and the SRR supermaterial elements are arranged side by side and integrated into two rows at the front end of the main radiation direction of the antenna. Compared with the single Vivaldi antenna structure, the gain in the 8GHz?18GHz band is improved significantly. In the fifth chapter, two kinds of supermaterial antennas are manufactured, and their parameters, such as gain, echo loss and two-dimensional plane pattern, are tested and analyzed.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN820
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本文編號：2312101