【摘要】：室外定位技術(shù)尤其是GPS在最近幾年得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,它提供的高精度定位服務(wù)在軍事和民用方面都發(fā)揮了巨大的作用,給人們的生活帶來了極大的便利,但是由于建筑物的阻擋,GPS在室內(nèi)的信號相當(dāng)微弱,甚至在相當(dāng)一部分情況下搜索不到衛(wèi)星信號,此時GPS顯得力不從心。同時,在大型商場、大型倉庫內(nèi)卻急需一種可靠的方法來解決室內(nèi)定位和導(dǎo)航的問題。本文在Wi-Fi接收信號強度(Received Signal Strength,RSS)的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了一種AP端的差分多天線定位算法,它不同于傳統(tǒng)的定位目標(biāo)的自我定位,而是在AP端完成定位,同時基于該算法實現(xiàn)的定位系統(tǒng)簡單、增加的額外設(shè)備少、成本低,在定位精度上也有自己的優(yōu)勢,經(jīng)實驗證明,相對Wi-Fi環(huán)境下其它定位方法,能有效提高定位精度和系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性,因此它是一種可行的可靠的新的室內(nèi)定位方式。本文首先在分析接收信號強度統(tǒng)計特性的基礎(chǔ)上,在WLAN中引入差分多天線定位思想,通過兩個天線采集的RSS數(shù)據(jù)的差值來降低接收信號強度不穩(wěn)定的影響,差分能有效降低Wi-Fi信號在傳輸過程中受到的影響,因為兩天線只相隔很近的距離,它們接收的Wi-Fi信號可以認為是經(jīng)過了大致相同的傳輸環(huán)境,差值僅來自于兩天線與定位盲點之間的距離差,而通過這個距離差和RSS的差值正好能確定盲點的軌跡,再通過定位系統(tǒng)內(nèi)多個AP的協(xié)同工作,實現(xiàn)定位的目的。同時在通過盲點軌跡確定盲點坐標(biāo)的過程中,文中還設(shè)計了一種確定盲點坐標(biāo)簡單而有效的算法,來克服Wi-Fi信號測距模型不夠準(zhǔn)確的缺點。其次,本文從接收信號強度的功率輻射模型出發(fā),對Wi-Fi接收信號強度的特性作出分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)接收信號強度數(shù)據(jù)中經(jīng)常摻雜著許多異常點,而這些異常點對定位會造成不利影響,因此本文對接收信號強度數(shù)據(jù)引入中值濾波的方法來降低外界偶然因素對RSS造成的干擾,同時對Wi-Fi信號在室內(nèi)的反射、折射和衍射也有一定程度上的抑制作用。最后,根據(jù)本文設(shè)計的定位算法,在三臺Wi-Fi路由器上實現(xiàn)了該定位系統(tǒng),同時針對該定位算法的特點,設(shè)計了一個類數(shù)據(jù)報的定位協(xié)議。該定位系統(tǒng)把路由器分為主路由器和從路由器兩類,并根據(jù)定位功能的需要設(shè)計實現(xiàn)了四個功能模塊,用設(shè)計的定位協(xié)議承載系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)和控制信息,最后在主路由器上完成數(shù)據(jù)的處理和計算,得到定位盲點的位置信息。
[Abstract]:Outdoor positioning technology, especially GPS, has been widely used in recent years. Its high precision positioning service has played a great role in both military and civilian areas, and has brought great convenience to people's lives. However, because the building blocks the GPS in the indoor signal is very weak, even in quite a few cases can not search the satellite signal, at this time GPS appears to be unable to do. At the same time, there is an urgent need for a reliable method to solve the problem of indoor positioning and navigation in large shopping malls and large warehouses. In this paper, based on the Wi-Fi received signal strength (Received Signal, a differential multi-antenna localization algorithm for AP terminal is designed. It is different from the traditional self-localization of the target, but it is located in the AP terminal. At the same time, the positioning system based on this algorithm is simple, the additional equipment is less, the cost is low, and the positioning accuracy has its own advantages. The experiment shows that compared with other positioning methods in Wi-Fi environment, It can effectively improve the positioning accuracy and stability of the system, so it is a feasible and reliable new indoor positioning method. On the basis of analyzing the statistical characteristics of the received signal strength, this paper introduces the idea of differential multi-antenna positioning in WLAN, and reduces the influence of the instability of the received signal intensity by the difference of the RSS data collected by the two antennas. The difference can effectively reduce the influence of the Wi-Fi signal in the transmission process, because the two antennas are only very close apart, the Wi-Fi signal they receive can be considered to have passed through the same transmission environment. The difference comes only from the distance difference between the two antennas and the blind spot, and the distance difference and the difference of RSS can precisely determine the track of the blind spot, and then through the cooperative work of multiple AP in the positioning system, the purpose of location can be realized. At the same time, in the process of determining the blind spot coordinate through the blind spot trajectory, a simple and effective algorithm for determining the blind spot coordinate is designed to overcome the shortcoming of the Wi-Fi signal ranging model which is not accurate enough. Secondly, based on the power radiation model of the received signal strength, the characteristics of the received signal intensity of Wi-Fi are analyzed. It is found that many abnormal points are often mixed in the received signal strength data, and these outliers will adversely affect the location of the received signal. So this paper introduces the median filter method to the received signal intensity data to reduce the interference caused by the external accidental factors to RSS, at the same time, the reflection, refraction and diffraction of the Wi-Fi signal in the indoor can be restrained to a certain extent. Finally, according to the localization algorithm designed in this paper, the location system is implemented on three Wi-Fi routers. According to the characteristics of the localization algorithm, a localization protocol of class Datagram is designed. The positioning system divides the router into two types: the main router and the slave router. According to the need of positioning function, four modules are designed and implemented. The designed positioning protocol is used to carry the data and control information of the system. Finally, the data is processed and calculated on the main router, and the location information of the blind spot is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN925.93

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