【摘要】：基于無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)是諸多領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)研究課題。工程結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測(cè)中采用無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)能滿(mǎn)足其多點(diǎn)、高效、實(shí)時(shí)的監(jiān)測(cè)需求,具有快速部署、自組織成網(wǎng)和分布式協(xié)同計(jì)算的特點(diǎn)。目前,該領(lǐng)域的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括組網(wǎng)技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理方法和系統(tǒng)驗(yàn)證研究等方面,其中傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組網(wǎng)技術(shù)是結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測(cè)的有效實(shí)施以及保證損傷識(shí)別精度的前提和基礎(chǔ)。因此本文針對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測(cè),特別是航空結(jié)構(gòu),研究無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)組網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下幾方面:(1)針對(duì)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)的需求,設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了可工程應(yīng)用的高速無(wú)線壓電傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn),主要由壓電信號(hào)激勵(lì)模塊、壓電信號(hào)調(diào)理電路、數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊和無(wú)線通信模塊組成。對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)的激勵(lì)功能、高速數(shù)據(jù)采集和螺釘松動(dòng)主動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)進(jìn)行功能測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證節(jié)點(diǎn)的主動(dòng)激勵(lì)和高速信號(hào)采集、處理和通信的功能。(2)針對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測(cè)的實(shí)時(shí)、可靠和高頻采樣的應(yīng)用需求,提出面向結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)的無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的協(xié)議棧結(jié)構(gòu),提出了一種基于兩層星簇型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),針對(duì)該拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)了一種簡(jiǎn)單有效的固定路由機(jī)制。針對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測(cè)中數(shù)據(jù)可靠傳輸?shù)膽?yīng)用需求,采用雙基站冗余通信機(jī)制和多級(jí)CRC校驗(yàn)機(jī)制,提高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)目煽啃浴?3)在研究傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)時(shí)鐘模型的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測(cè)領(lǐng)域?qū)r(shí)間同步的特殊要求,提出一種改進(jìn)的FTSP時(shí)間同步協(xié)議,克服時(shí)間同步過(guò)程中異常值干擾的問(wèn)題,并在無(wú)線壓電傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)上進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)。(4)針對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測(cè)中傳感器數(shù)量和種類(lèi)眾多,且采集數(shù)據(jù)量大的特點(diǎn),研究基于數(shù)據(jù)壓縮采樣技術(shù)的壓電響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)壓縮方法。提出一種面向主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測(cè)的感知壓縮方法:采用小波變換實(shí)現(xiàn)響應(yīng)信號(hào)的稀疏化,選擇高斯隨機(jī)矩陣作為測(cè)量矩陣,提出一種Lamb波信號(hào)重構(gòu)的OMP重構(gòu)算法。研究面向結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測(cè)的感知壓縮技術(shù)的壓縮性能、重構(gòu)精度以及不同測(cè)量矩陣的重構(gòu)性能。在無(wú)線高速壓電傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)和LF-21M防銹鋁板結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)行模擬損傷測(cè)試。
[Abstract]:Structural health monitoring based on wireless sensor networks is a hot topic in many fields. Wireless sensor network (WSN) can meet the needs of multi-point, high-efficiency and real-time monitoring in engineering structure monitoring. It has the characteristics of rapid deployment, self-organizing networking and distributed collaborative computing. At present, the research contents in this field mainly include networking technology, network management method and system verification, etc. The networking technology of sensor network is the premise and foundation of effective implementation of structure monitoring and ensuring the accuracy of damage identification. Therefore, this paper studies the key technologies and implementation methods of wireless sensor network (WSN) networking for structural monitoring, especially aeronautical structure. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) aiming at the demand of active structure health monitoring, a high speed wireless piezoelectric sensor network node is designed and realized. Data processing module and wireless communication module. The function tests of the node excitation function, high-speed data acquisition and screw loosening active monitoring are carried out to verify the functions of node active excitation and high-speed signal acquisition, processing and communication. (2) aiming at the real time structure monitoring, Based on the requirements of reliable and high frequency sampling, a protocol stack structure for structured health monitoring wireless sensor networks is proposed, and a network topology based on two-layer star cluster is proposed. A simple and effective fixed routing mechanism is designed for the topology. Aiming at the application demand of reliable data transmission in structural monitoring, the redundant communication mechanism of double base station and multilevel CRC check mechanism are adopted to improve the reliability of data transmission. (3) based on the research of clock model of sensor node, Aiming at the special requirement of time synchronization in the field of structure monitoring, an improved FTSP time synchronization protocol is proposed to overcome the problem of outlier value interference in the process of time synchronization. Verification experiments are carried out on wireless piezoelectric sensor nodes. (4) aiming at the large number of sensors and large amount of data collected in structural monitoring, the piezoelectric response data compression method based on data compression and sampling technology is studied. This paper presents a perceptual compression method for active structure monitoring. Wavelet transform is used to sparse the response signal, Gao Si random matrix is chosen as the measurement matrix, and a OMP reconstruction algorithm for Lamb wave signal reconstruction is proposed. The compression performance, reconstruction accuracy and reconstruction performance of different measurement matrices are studied. Simulated damage test was carried out on wireless high speed piezoelectric sensor node and LF-21M rust-proof aluminum plate structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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