本文選題：無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) + RSS　； 參考：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為新一代的信息獲取和處理技術(shù)在諸多領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,其安全問(wèn)題也成為無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。為保障無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全,其中一個(gè)比較重要的防范機(jī)制是在通信時(shí)采用有效的密鑰。近些年來(lái),基于無(wú)線信道的物理特性生成密鑰方法被認(rèn)為是一種有效替代傳統(tǒng)安全的設(shè)計(jì)。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者在這方面也做了大量研究,但是現(xiàn)有的密鑰的生成方案,還存在密鑰匹配性不高,熵低等問(wèn)題。論文在深入研究了無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)概念、特性、信道通信特性以及所面臨的安全問(wèn)題和挑戰(zhàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)現(xiàn)有基于信道接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度(RSS)生成密鑰的方法進(jìn)行改進(jìn),提出了一種基于RSS的自適應(yīng)密鑰生成協(xié)議,有效的提高了生成密鑰的匹配率以及熵值。該協(xié)議在現(xiàn)有對(duì)RSS值均值恢復(fù)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步預(yù)處理,即去除差值較大的RSS對(duì),以減小環(huán)境噪聲對(duì)于通信雙方采集到RSS值的影響;設(shè)計(jì)了兩種可以提高密鑰匹配率的量化方案,均值均勻量化方案和均值非均勻量化方案,通信雙方采用共同的量化閾值進(jìn)行量化;最后對(duì)量化結(jié)果進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步后處理,去除量化過(guò)程中處于中間區(qū)域的RSS值,使雙方獲得相對(duì)匹配的密鑰。本文采用crossbow公司的MICAz和MIB520CA作為硬件平臺(tái),以TinyOS系統(tǒng)和Nesc語(yǔ)言為開發(fā)工具,在不同真實(shí)場(chǎng)景下,使用傳感器采集數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)軟件模擬協(xié)議處理數(shù)據(jù);將協(xié)議中涉及到的可變參數(shù)設(shè)為不同的值,進(jìn)而對(duì)比本文所提出協(xié)議與現(xiàn)有協(xié)議在位失配率、密鑰比特率和密鑰熵值方面的性能;系統(tǒng)的分析了這些可變參數(shù)對(duì)協(xié)議性能的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:一方面,驗(yàn)證了本文對(duì)現(xiàn)有方案進(jìn)行的改進(jìn)措施,相比現(xiàn)有密鑰生成方案,均可以在一定程度上提高密鑰的匹配率以及熵值。另一方面,去掉雙方之間差值(D_value)較大的RSS值,對(duì)最后生成密鑰的熵值影響不大,當(dāng)D_value逐漸變小的時(shí)候,就會(huì)使密鑰比特率快速下降;通信雙方之間進(jìn)行均值恢復(fù)時(shí),計(jì)算?時(shí)選取的塊長(zhǎng)度w增大的時(shí)候,可以降低位失配率,且對(duì)最后生成密鑰的熵值和密鑰比特率影響不大;量化等級(jí)q_level變大的時(shí)候,位失配率也隨之增大,但同時(shí)也可增加密鑰的熵值和密鑰比特率。
[Abstract]:As a new generation of information acquisition and processing technology, wireless sensor networks have been widely used in many fields. The security problem has become one of the hotspots in wireless sensor networks. In order to ensure the security of wireless sensor networks, one of the most important mechanisms is to use effective keys in communication in recent years. The method of generating key based on the physical characteristics of wireless channel is considered to be an effective alternative to the traditional security design. Scholars at home and abroad have also done a lot of research in this field, but the existing key generation scheme also has the problem of low key matching and low entropy. On the basis of channel communication characteristics and the security problems and challenges faced, a new method based on the existing channel receiving signal intensity (RSS) generation key is improved. An adaptive key generation protocol based on RSS is proposed, which effectively improves the matching rate and entropy of the generation key. The protocol restores the mean value of the RSS value at present. On the basis of further preprocessing, that is, to remove the RSS pair with large difference to reduce the influence of environmental noise to the RSS value of the two parties, two kinds of quantization schemes, which can improve the key matching rate, are designed, mean uniform quantization scheme and mean mean nonuniform quantization scheme. Then the quantization result is further processed to remove the RSS value in the middle area in the quantization process, so that both sides get the relative matching key. In this paper, the MICAz and MIB520CA of crossbow company are used as the hardware platform, and the TinyOS system and Nesc language are used as the development tools. Simulation protocol processing data; set the variable parameters involved in the protocol to different values, and then compare the performance of the proposed protocol and the incumbent rate, the key bit rate and the key entropy value of the existing protocol. The system analyses the effect of these variable parameters on the protocol performance. The improvement measures of the existing schemes can improve the matching rate and entropy of the key to a certain extent compared with the existing key generation schemes. On the other hand, removing the large RSS value of the difference between the two sides (D_value) has little influence on the entropy value of the final key. When the D_value gradually becomes smaller, the key bit rate will be fast. When the mean recovery between the two sides of the communication is restored, the bit mismatch rate can be reduced when the selected block length w increases, and it has little effect on the entropy value and key bit rate of the final key. When the quantization level q_level becomes larger, the bit mismatch rate increases as well, but it can also increase the entropy and key bit rate of the key.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN918.4;TN929.5;TP212.9

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