本文選題：室內(nèi)無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 環(huán)境自適應(yīng)　； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正不斷朝著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(IoT, Internet of Things)方向發(fā)展,而IoT中連接的很多物體都要求具有感知環(huán)境和測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)的能力,因此無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSN,Wireless Sensor Networks)技術(shù)成為IoT發(fā)展的重要技術(shù)支撐,針對(duì)WSN的室內(nèi)應(yīng)用需求也隨之不斷增多。然而,現(xiàn)有的WSN關(guān)鍵技術(shù)大多適用于室外或者理想環(huán)境,在復(fù)雜的室內(nèi)環(huán)境下的應(yīng)用效果卻并不理想。因此,本文對(duì)室內(nèi)WSN中的定位和路由算法進(jìn)行了深入研究,其主要內(nèi)容和研究成果如下： (1)通過(guò)對(duì)家居環(huán)境、辦公環(huán)境和芯片生產(chǎn)環(huán)境測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)的分析,總結(jié)了WSN在室內(nèi)環(huán)境下的信號(hào)傳輸特征,為WSN在室內(nèi)環(huán)境下的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究提供可靠依據(jù)。 (2)針對(duì)典型的室內(nèi)環(huán)境進(jìn)行了無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的信道傳輸特性測(cè)試,并對(duì)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了擬合。擬合結(jié)果表明,與經(jīng)典的單折線(xiàn)和雙折線(xiàn)模型相比,提出的三階多項(xiàng)式對(duì)數(shù)距離路徑損耗模型能夠更好地表征WSN在室內(nèi)環(huán)境下的信道衰落情況。 (3)WSN用于復(fù)雜的室內(nèi)環(huán)境時(shí),無(wú)線(xiàn)信道隨環(huán)境變化的衰落使得自適應(yīng)地評(píng)估目標(biāo)節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置變得非常困難。因此,本文分別提出了基于單折線(xiàn)模型和基于三階多項(xiàng)式模型的WSN室內(nèi)環(huán)境自適應(yīng)定位算法。在兩種算法中,計(jì)算機(jī)首先利用固定節(jié)點(diǎn)傳來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)建立模型的參數(shù)集合,并根據(jù)環(huán)境的變化定時(shí)更新該集合；接下來(lái),利用提出的參數(shù)選擇方法搜索并確定模型參數(shù)；最后,分別采用迭代的方法和最大似然估計(jì)的方法對(duì)目標(biāo)節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行定位。實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了兩種定位算法良好的定位精度。 (4)針對(duì)靜態(tài)的理想室內(nèi)環(huán)境,提出了一種能量均衡的穩(wěn)定分簇路由算法EBSC(Energy-Balanced Steady Clustering),該算法每輪產(chǎn)生的簇頭數(shù)量穩(wěn)定,綜合了分布式和集中式分簇算法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；針對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)的復(fù)雜室內(nèi)環(huán)境,提出了一種能量均衡的自適應(yīng)分簇路由算法EBACR (Energy-Balanced Adaptive Clustering Routing),該算法根據(jù)傳輸路徑損耗和剩余能量信息選擇各類(lèi)節(jié)點(diǎn),并采用不同主觀系數(shù)的多屬性決策方法,自適應(yīng)地建立路由。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,以上兩種算法不僅高效地利用了網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)有限的能量,而且均衡了節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量消耗。 (5)針對(duì)芯片生產(chǎn)企業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境的嚴(yán)格要求,設(shè)計(jì)了基于WSN的芯片生產(chǎn)超凈間環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),并在系統(tǒng)中利用了本文提出的EBACR算法建立路由。通過(guò)在芯片生產(chǎn)超凈間的測(cè)試,驗(yàn)證了該系統(tǒng)不僅能夠?qū)崟r(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)環(huán)境變化,而且能夠保證傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)能量消耗的有效性和均衡性。
[Abstract]:In recent years , the Internet is growing in the direction of Internet of Things , while many objects connected in the Internet are required to have the capability of sensing environment and test data . Therefore , the wireless sensor networks ( WSN ) technology has become an important technical support for the development of the Internet . Therefore , the wireless sensor networks ( WSN , Wireless Sensor Networks ) technology has become an important technical support for the development of the Internet . However , the key technologies of the existing WSN are mostly suitable for outdoor or ideal environments , and the application effect in the complex indoor environment is not ideal . Therefore , the paper studies the positioning and routing algorithms in the indoor WSN , and the main contents and the research results are as follows :

( 1 ) Based on the analysis of home environment , office environment and chip production environment test data , this paper summarizes the signal transmission characteristics of WSN in indoor environment , and provides a reliable basis for the key technology research of WSN in indoor environment .

( 2 ) For the typical indoor environment , the channel transmission characteristics of wireless sensor nodes are tested and the test data is fitted . The fitting results show that the proposed third order polynomial log distance path loss model can better characterize the channel fading in the indoor environment compared with the classical single - fold line and the double - fold line model .

( 3 ) When WSN is used in a complex indoor environment , the fading of the wireless channel changes with the environment makes it very difficult to adaptively evaluate the location of the target node . In the two algorithms , the computer firstly uses the data from the fixed node to establish the parameter set of the model , and updates the set according to the change timing of the environment .
next , using the proposed parameter selection method to search and determine the model parameters ;
Finally , the method of iteration and the method of maximum likelihood estimation are used to locate the target nodes . The experimental results verify the good positioning accuracy of the two positioning algorithms .

( 4 ) Aiming at the ideal indoor environment , an energy - balanced cluster routing algorithm EBSC ( Energy - Balanced Clustering Algorithm ) is proposed . The number of cluster heads generated per wheel is stable , and the advantages of distributed and centralized clustering algorithm are integrated .
In this paper , an energy - balanced adaptive clustering routing algorithm EBACR ( Energy - Balanced Adaptive Routing Routing ) is proposed for dynamic complex indoor environment . The algorithm selects all kinds of nodes based on the transmission path loss and the residual energy information , and establishes the route adaptively . The experimental results show that the above two algorithms not only effectively utilize the limited energy of the network node , but also balance the energy consumption of the nodes .

( 5 ) According to the strict requirement of the chip production enterprise to the environment , the super clean room environment monitoring system based on WSN is designed , and the EBACR algorithm proposed in this paper is used to establish the route in the system . Through the test on the chip production supernet , the system can not only monitor the environment change in real time , but also can ensure the effectiveness and balance of energy consumption of the sensor node .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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