本文選題：光纖陀螺　切入點(diǎn)：標(biāo)度因數(shù)　出處：《哈爾濱工程大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：捷聯(lián)慣性導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)由多種慣性測量元件和測量單元組成的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)。在多種測量裝置中陀螺儀占有舉足輕重的地位�，F(xiàn)代捷聯(lián)慣導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)中多采用光纖陀螺作為導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)陀螺儀。其具備體積小、精度高、無轉(zhuǎn)動部件、抗沖擊和抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、動態(tài)測量范圍大的特點(diǎn),不僅僅應(yīng)用在導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)中,而且在航空航天、精密儀器儀表、國防工業(yè)設(shè)備、兵器工業(yè)制造等領(lǐng)域都發(fā)揮著重要的作用。光纖陀螺標(biāo)度因數(shù)的優(yōu)劣對其輸出精度起著決定性的影響,而在對實(shí)際光纖陀螺性能進(jìn)行測試的過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)標(biāo)度因數(shù)在其動態(tài)測量范圍內(nèi)并不是完全呈現(xiàn)線性性質(zhì)。在其中某些角速率區(qū)間內(nèi),標(biāo)度因數(shù)的非線性突變將導(dǎo)致標(biāo)度因數(shù)誤差明顯增大,從而對導(dǎo)航精度產(chǎn)生不良影響。根據(jù)上述問題,本篇文章進(jìn)行了以下幾個(gè)方面的研究:本文首先介紹了光纖陀螺的基本工作原理以及兩種類型的光纖陀螺的基本結(jié)構(gòu),并且分別闡述了光纖陀螺中信號檢測與相位調(diào)制的方法。說明了針對全數(shù)字閉環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的光纖陀螺調(diào)制的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。其次,根據(jù)光纖陀螺的輸入、輸出及誤差之間的關(guān)系,確定了光纖陀螺的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并且依據(jù)上述模型詳細(xì)介紹了光纖陀螺標(biāo)度因數(shù)以及其非線性度的測試步驟和計(jì)算過程。介紹了光纖陀螺捷聯(lián)慣導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和原理,根據(jù)捷聯(lián)慣導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的誤差方程建立了標(biāo)度因數(shù)誤差與載體運(yùn)動角速率之間的關(guān)系式,并依據(jù)此關(guān)系進(jìn)一步推到出標(biāo)度因數(shù)誤差對捷聯(lián)慣導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)輸出參數(shù)精度的影響,并利用Matlab軟件進(jìn)行仿真分析驗(yàn)證。接著分析了造成標(biāo)度因數(shù)誤差的相關(guān)因素,并提出一種在確定多項(xiàng)式階數(shù)的前提下數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)自適應(yīng)分段的擬合方法,進(jìn)而對光纖陀螺多角速率測試實(shí)驗(yàn)中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分段擬合,擬合得到分段標(biāo)度因數(shù)。利用模擬海上搖擺試驗(yàn)對擬合得到的分段標(biāo)度因數(shù)應(yīng)用效果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明選用分段標(biāo)度因數(shù)的導(dǎo)航參數(shù)解算精度要優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)單一標(biāo)度因數(shù)情況下的導(dǎo)航參數(shù)解算精度。而且該方法在工程實(shí)踐中容易實(shí)現(xiàn),是一種簡單、高效提高標(biāo)度因數(shù)穩(wěn)定性的方法。最后簡單介紹了可編程邏輯器件的基本概念,并結(jié)合其中一種可編程邏輯器件FPGA設(shè)計(jì)制作了一塊系統(tǒng)電路板,該設(shè)計(jì)中選用了 Altera公司CycloneIV系列中的EP4CE6型號芯片。在FPGA芯片內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)了一系列軟件功能模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的輸入輸出和分段處理,而且利用邏輯分析工具對設(shè)計(jì)模塊進(jìn)行了測試驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:Strapdown inertial navigation system is a complex system composed of a variety of inertial measuring elements and measuring units. Gyroscope plays an important role in a variety of measuring devices. Fiber optic gyroscope is often used in modern strapdown inertial navigation system. As a navigation system gyroscope. It has a small size, High precision, no rotating parts, strong anti-shock and anti-jamming ability, wide range of dynamic measurement, not only used in navigation systems, but also in aerospace, precision instrumentation, national defense industry equipment, The scale factor of fiber optic gyroscope (fog) plays a decisive role in the output accuracy, and in the process of testing the performance of the fiber optic gyroscope (fog), It is found that the scaling factor is not completely linear in its dynamic measurement range. In some angular rate ranges, the nonlinear mutation of the scale factor will result in a marked increase in the scaling factor error. According to the above problems, this paper studies the following aspects: firstly, this paper introduces the basic working principle of fiber optic gyroscope and the basic structure of two kinds of fiber optic gyroscope. The methods of signal detection and phase modulation in fiber optic gyroscope (fog) are expounded respectively. The realization method of fiber optic gyro modulation based on digital closed loop structure is explained. Secondly, according to the relationship between input, output and error of fiber optic gyroscope, The mathematical model of fiber optic gyroscope (fog) is determined, and the scale factor of fog, the testing steps and calculation process of its nonlinearity are introduced in detail, and the basic structure and principle of fog strapdown inertial navigation system are introduced. Based on the error equation of strapdown inertial navigation system, the relation between scaling factor error and carrier motion angle rate is established, and the influence of scaling factor error on the precision of strapdown inertial navigation system output parameters is further deduced. Then the related factors of scale factor error are analyzed, and a fitting method of adaptive segmentation of data points under the premise of determining polynomial order is put forward. Then, the data of fiber optic gyroscope (fog) polygonal rate test are fitted in sections. The segmental scaling factor was obtained by fitting. The application effect of segmental scaling factor was verified by simulated sea swinging test. The result shows that the accuracy of navigation parameters with piecewise scaling factor is superior to that of traditional single one. In the case of scale factor, the calculation accuracy of navigation parameters is obtained, and the method is easy to be realized in engineering practice. It is a simple and efficient method to improve the stability of scale factor. At last, the basic concept of programmable logic device is briefly introduced, and a system circuit board is designed and fabricated with one programmable logic device (FPGA). In this design, the EP4CE6 chip of CycloneIV series of Altera company is selected. A series of software function modules are designed in FPGA chip to realize the input, output and segment processing of data, and the design module is tested and verified by logic analysis tool.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN96

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