本文關鍵詞： 微波通信 高功率 無源互調 非線性失真 測試技術　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近幾年，隨著高功率、大容量、高靈敏度通信系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展和應用，無源互調（Passive Intermodulation，簡稱PIM）問題作為一個技術難點而越來越得到人們的重視。無源互調本身是由無源器件的弱非線性特性引起的，，例如非線性電路特性和非線性電磁特性。在小信號條件下，無源非線性失真是可以忽略的。但是，在高功率條件下，原本可以忽略的無源弱非線性失真變得異常突出。通常，有源器件非線性產生的失真信號可以通過濾波技術消除在允許的范圍內。然而，無源互調失真產物緊鄰工作頻率的特點使其可以落入工作頻帶內。這成為了消除技術的難點所在。此外，無源互調往往還會出現(xiàn)在濾波器后面，因而是難以消除的。嚴重的失真不僅會降低接收機靈敏度、影響正常通信質量，還會使整個系統(tǒng)惡化，甚至發(fā)生故障。無源互調產生的機理是錯綜復雜的，往往是多種物理過程綜合作用的結果，因而人們往往憑經驗和行為模型來描述其背后的原因。 本文首先從無源非線性機理出發(fā)，闡述引起無源非線性的主要物理原因，數(shù)學模型以及分析方法。其次，以電熱效應為背景，研究了印刷電路板上微帶線無源互調產生的機理。從物理機理和現(xiàn)象學兩個角度，分別利用兩種方程對微帶線無源互調產生、分布以及特點規(guī)律進行研究。最后，利用現(xiàn)有儀器搭建了無源互調測試系統(tǒng)。當輸入信號的功率為27dBm時，我們觀察到了比較明顯的三階互調信號。制作了多阻抗共面微帶板，對多個微帶板進行了測試，重點研究了不同阻抗匹配情況、微帶線線長度與三階互調信號產生的關系，并基于電壓駐波原理，提出了一種短路線測量方法。實驗測試證明，短路駐波能將電壓波腹點處的互調信號放大17dB以上。這將大大提高系統(tǒng)的測量動態(tài)范圍，實現(xiàn)在相對較小的輸入功率下測試到相同大小的互調信號，大幅度降低互調測試對于輸入功率的要求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development and application of high power, large capacity and high sensitivity communication systems, passive Intermodulation has been adjusted passively. As a technical difficulty, the problem of PIMs has been paid more and more attention. Passive Intermodulation is caused by the weak nonlinearity of passive devices. For example, nonlinear circuit characteristics and nonlinear electromagnetic characteristics. In small signal conditions, passive nonlinear distortion can be ignored. However, under high power conditions. The passive weak nonlinear distortion which can be neglected has become very prominent. Usually, the distortion signal generated by the nonlinear of active devices can be eliminated within the allowable range by filtering technique. The passive Intermodulation distortion products can fall into the working frequency band, which is the difficulty of the elimination technology. In addition, passive Intermodulation often appears behind the filter. Therefore, it is difficult to eliminate. Serious distortion will not only reduce the receiver sensitivity, affect the normal communication quality, but also make the whole system deteriorate or even fail. The mechanism of passive Intermodulation is complicated. It is often the result of a variety of physical processes, so people often use experience and behavior model to describe the reasons behind it. In this paper, the main physical reasons, mathematical models and analysis methods of the passive nonlinear are first expounded from the passive nonlinear mechanism. Secondly, the electrothermal effect is taken as the background. In this paper, the mechanism of passive intermodulation of microstrip lines on printed circuit board is studied. From the point of view of physical mechanism and phenomenology, two kinds of equations are used to produce passive intermodulation of microstrip lines. Finally, the passive intermodulation test system is built using the existing instruments. When the power of the input signal is 27dBm. We have observed the obvious third order intermodulation signal. We have made multi-impedance coplanar microstrip plate and tested several microstrip plates with emphasis on different impedance matching. The relationship between the length of the microstrip line and the generation of the third order intermodulation signal, and based on the principle of voltage standing wave, a short line measurement method is proposed. The short circuit standing wave can amplify the intermodulation signal at the voltage wave belly point by more than 17dB. This will greatly improve the dynamic range of the system and realize the measurement of the same size intermodulation signal at relatively small input power. The requirement of input power for Intermodulation testing is greatly reduced.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN972

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