【摘要】：望遠(yuǎn)鏡是天文觀測(cè)中最重要的儀器。隨著對(duì)空間觀測(cè)的不斷發(fā)展，望遠(yuǎn)鏡建造口徑越來越大。而為了更好的觀測(cè)條件，望遠(yuǎn)鏡臺(tái)址一般選擇在高海拔地區(qū)。這兩方面因素在提高望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀測(cè)性能的同時(shí)，也為望遠(yuǎn)鏡帶來了很多跟蹤觀測(cè)誤差，其中一個(gè)很重要的誤差源是施加在望遠(yuǎn)鏡上的環(huán)境風(fēng)載。風(fēng)載會(huì)引起望遠(yuǎn)鏡的振動(dòng)，造成望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)接收到光束波前整體傾斜。本文重點(diǎn)分析風(fēng)載對(duì)大口徑光電望遠(yuǎn)鏡跟蹤誤差的影響。 本文首先理論分析了望遠(yuǎn)鏡跟蹤誤差的兩個(gè)重要來源：風(fēng)載和大氣湍流擾動(dòng)。根據(jù)工程光學(xué)和望遠(yuǎn)鏡裝配理論，分析了望遠(yuǎn)鏡主次鏡相對(duì)位移造成的像差，得出了得出了風(fēng)載引起的望遠(yuǎn)鏡跟蹤誤差主要是由于風(fēng)載引起的次鏡偏心和傾斜造成的。并結(jié)合振動(dòng)力學(xué)和大氣湍流的時(shí)空特性分析了動(dòng)態(tài)風(fēng)載下的次鏡振動(dòng)模型和大氣湍流擾動(dòng)模型。結(jié)果表明，風(fēng)載引起的望遠(yuǎn)鏡跟蹤誤差和大氣湍流擾動(dòng)引起波前整體傾斜均可以采用2階AR模型擬合。 其次，在現(xiàn)代功率譜估計(jì)算法的基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種基于2階AR模型的搜索迭代算法，通過不斷搜索迭代，減小湍流功率譜估計(jì)誤差，，可以有效地將實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)中風(fēng)載引起的望遠(yuǎn)鏡跟蹤誤差功率譜和大氣湍流擾動(dòng)引起波前整體傾斜功率譜分離開，實(shí)現(xiàn)風(fēng)載引起的望遠(yuǎn)鏡跟蹤誤差的分析。 最后在1.8m望遠(yuǎn)鏡平臺(tái)上，利用風(fēng)速風(fēng)向儀實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)量環(huán)境風(fēng)載，采集了三種典型模式下望遠(yuǎn)鏡的跟蹤誤差。并且應(yīng)用基于2階AR模型的搜索迭代算法分析實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，得到了風(fēng)載對(duì)望遠(yuǎn)鏡跟蹤誤差功率譜。驗(yàn)證了望遠(yuǎn)鏡的跟蹤誤差與風(fēng)載的風(fēng)向和風(fēng)速直接相關(guān)，風(fēng)載對(duì)望遠(yuǎn)鏡的作用點(diǎn)是在桁架系統(tǒng)而不是望遠(yuǎn)鏡鏡筒。 本文的理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，可以幫助我們更加精確的認(rèn)識(shí)和分析風(fēng)載對(duì)望遠(yuǎn)鏡跟蹤誤差的影響，為未來望遠(yuǎn)鏡的抗風(fēng)載結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。
[Abstract]:The telescope is the most important instrument in astronomical observation. With the development of space observation, the construction aperture of the telescope is becoming larger and larger. For better observation conditions, the telescope site is generally chosen in high altitude areas. One of the most important error sources is the ambient wind load applied to the telescope. Wind load will cause the vibration of the telescope and cause the whole tilt of the beam front received by the telescope observation system.
In this paper, two important sources of Telescope Tracking error, wind load and atmospheric turbulence disturbance, are analyzed theoretically. According to the theory of Engineering Optics and telescope assembly, the aberration caused by the relative displacement of the primary and secondary telescope is analyzed. It is concluded that the tracking error of the telescope caused by wind load is mainly due to the offset sum of the secondary mirror caused by wind load. The secondary mirror vibration model and turbulent turbulence model under dynamic wind load are analyzed in combination with vibration mechanics and atmospheric turbulence time-space characteristics. The results show that the tracking error of the telescope caused by wind load and the integral tilt of the wavefront caused by atmospheric turbulence can be fitted by the second-order AR model.
Secondly, on the basis of modern power spectrum estimation algorithm, a search iteration algorithm based on 2nd-order AR model is proposed. Through continuous search iteration, the error of turbulent power spectrum estimation can be reduced. The power spectrum of telescope tracking error caused by wind load and the integral tilted power spectrum caused by atmospheric turbulence can be effectively divided into two parts. The tracking error of the telescope caused by wind load is analyzed.
Finally, on the 1.8m telescope platform, the tracking errors of the telescope under three typical modes are collected by real-time measurement of ambient wind loads with wind speed anemometer, and the tracking error power spectrum of the telescope under wind load is obtained by using the search iteration algorithm based on the second-order AR model. Wind direction is directly related to wind speed, and wind load acts on the telescope in the truss system rather than the telescope tube.
The theoretical analysis and experimental results in this paper can help us to understand and analyze the influence of wind load on the tracking error of telescope more accurately, and provide a reference for the design of wind-resistant structure of future telescope.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（光電技術(shù)研究所）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TH751

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