本文選題：鍍膜 + 大口徑天文光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡�。� 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（云南天文臺(tái)）》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：大口徑天文光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡工作時(shí)，主鏡直接與大氣接觸，指向天空。長(zhǎng)期觀測(cè)下來，大氣中的污染物如灰塵顆粒和酸性顆粒落到主鏡上不斷累積，降低望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡的反射率并腐蝕鏡面金屬反射膜，使得主鏡面的漫反射加強(qiáng)，進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)探測(cè)器的雜散光加大。通過定期對(duì)主鏡進(jìn)行清洗的辦法可適當(dāng)緩解主鏡光學(xué)性能的降低速度。為了使天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡保持最佳的觀測(cè)效果，需要每隔2-3年，對(duì)大口徑天文光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡重新鍍反射膜一次。 本論文利用國(guó)內(nèi)第一臺(tái)自上向下，蒸鍍天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡鋁反射膜的大型鍍膜機(jī)ZZ3200對(duì)天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡鍍膜展開了深入而又全面的研究，討論了天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡反射膜的膜層材料、均勻性、分子動(dòng)力學(xué)模擬等鍍膜技術(shù)相關(guān)問題，研究了鍍膜過程中的主鏡室結(jié)構(gòu)、鍍膜機(jī)控制參數(shù)、舊膜脫膜、清洗等問題，，最后針對(duì)目前國(guó)內(nèi)擁有最大的單塊天文主鏡的麗江2.4米望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡鍍膜開展研究工作，最終完成麗江2.4米望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡鍍膜工作。 論文首先對(duì)天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡金屬反射膜材料的選擇，結(jié)合ZZ3200鍍膜機(jī)蒸發(fā)源布局討論了鋁反射膜的膜厚不均勻性及不均勻性對(duì)望遠(yuǎn)鏡成像質(zhì)量的影響。然后對(duì)天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡的保護(hù)膜進(jìn)行了研究，分別分析了保護(hù)膜對(duì)主鏡反射率的影響，和保護(hù)膜對(duì)天文光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡舊膜脫膜的影響。利用ZZ3200鍍膜機(jī)，分別對(duì)天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡鍍制鋁反射膜時(shí)鋁膜和保護(hù)膜分子動(dòng)力學(xué)過程進(jìn)行分析。以麗江2.4米望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡鍍膜整個(gè)過程進(jìn)行規(guī)劃，包括鍍膜前期準(zhǔn)備，鍍膜過程中的舊膜脫膜、鍍膜機(jī)參數(shù)控制等關(guān)鍵問題進(jìn)行了討論，形成了固定的工藝文檔�；谏鲜龇治鲅芯浚�2012年10月，使用ZZ3200鍍膜機(jī)，完成了對(duì)麗江2.4米望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡的鍍膜工作，并定制云南天文臺(tái)2.4米望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡鍍膜的技術(shù)規(guī)范及相關(guān)工藝卡片，可為我國(guó)以后大型天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡鍍膜工作提供參考與借鑒。 經(jīng)過陪鍍片測(cè)試，2.4米望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡反射膜在350~1100nm范圍內(nèi)平均反射率87.16%。麗江2.4米望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡完成后，無論成像觀測(cè)還是光譜實(shí)測(cè)，觀測(cè)結(jié)果表明極限星等提高超過1個(gè)星等。
[Abstract]:When the large-aperture astronomical optical telescope works, the primary mirror is in direct contact with the atmosphere and points to the sky. Over a long period of time, pollutants such as dust particles and acidic particles in the atmosphere have been continuously accumulated in the primary mirror, reducing the reflectivity of the telescope's primary mirror and corroding the mirror metal reflection film, thus strengthening the diffuse reflection of the primary mirror. The stray light entering the system detector increases. By cleaning the primary mirror regularly, we can reduce the speed of the optical property of the primary mirror. In order to keep the best observation effect of the astronomical telescope, it is necessary to recoat the reflection film on the primary mirror of the large aperture astronomical optical telescope every 2-3 years. In this paper, a deep and comprehensive study on the primary mirror coating of astronomical telescope is carried out by using ZZ3200, the first domestic top-down, evaporating primary mirror aluminum reflection film, and the coating material of the primary mirror reflection film of astronomical telescope is discussed. Homogeneity, molecular dynamics simulation and other problems related to coating technology are studied in the process of coating, such as the structure of primary mirror chamber, the control parameters of coating machine, the de-coating of old film, cleaning and so on. Finally, the primary mirror coating of Lijiang 2.4m telescope with the largest single primary mirror in China is studied, and the primary mirror coating of Lijiang 2.4m telescope is finally completed. In this paper, the material selection of metallic reflection film for primary mirror of astronomical telescope and the distribution of evaporation source of ZZ3200 coating machine are discussed in this paper. The influence of non-uniformity of film thickness on imaging quality of telescope is discussed. Then the protective film of primary mirror of astronomical telescope is studied. The influence of protective film on primary mirror reflectivity and the influence of protective film on the old film of primary mirror of astronomical optical telescope are analyzed respectively. Using ZZ3200 coating machine, the molecular dynamics process of aluminum film and protective film were analyzed respectively when the primary mirror of astronomical telescope was coated with aluminum reflection film. The whole process of the primary mirror coating for Lijiang 2.4m telescope was planned, including the preparation of the coating period, the decoating of the old film during the coating process, the parameter control of the coating machine, and so on, and the fixed process documents were formed. Based on the above analysis, in October 2012, the primary mirror of Lijiang 2.4m telescope was coated with ZZ3200 coating machine, and the technical specifications and related process cards for the primary mirror coating of 2.4m telescope of Yunnan Observatory were customized. It can be used as reference for the primary mirror coating of large astronomical telescope in China. The average reflectivity of the 2.4m telescope primary mirror reflector in 350~1100nm range is 87.16. After the completion of the primary mirror of Lijiang 2.4m telescope, whether imaging observation or spectral measurement, the observation results show that the limit magnitude is increased by more than one magnitude.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（云南天文臺(tái)）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P111.2

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本文編號(hào)：2010223