本文選題：廣義相對(duì)論 + 多普勒效應(yīng)��； 參考：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：相對(duì)論性效應(yīng)是天體物理學(xué)和理論物理學(xué)中一個(gè)非常重要的研究領(lǐng)域,對(duì)各種相對(duì)論性效應(yīng)的理論研究可以幫助我們解釋某些天文觀測(cè)現(xiàn)象。本文主要研究?jī)煞N相對(duì)論性效應(yīng)：(1)多普勒效應(yīng),(2)引力場(chǎng)中的引力頻移(我們稱之為彎曲空間的多普勒效應(yīng))。 多普勒效應(yīng)是波源和觀察者有相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),觀察者接受到波的頻率與波源發(fā)出的頻率并不相同的現(xiàn)象。相對(duì)論性多普勒效應(yīng)是根據(jù)狹義相對(duì)論理論,研究了傳播速度接近于光速的波動(dòng)因?yàn)椴ㄔ磁c觀察者的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)而使得其頻率(以及波長(zhǎng))的變化。相對(duì)論性多普勒效應(yīng)和非相對(duì)論性的多普勒效應(yīng)有許多不同之處,其方程式考慮了狹義相對(duì)論中的時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)效應(yīng)。這些方程式描述的是所觀察到的頻率的總差值,并具有相對(duì)論要求的洛侖茲對(duì)稱性。我們研究了狹義相對(duì)論的多普勒效應(yīng),并給出了廣義相對(duì)論的多普勒效應(yīng)的一般表達(dá)式。 在物理學(xué)中,當(dāng)觀測(cè)者在較弱引力場(chǎng)區(qū)域觀測(cè)時(shí),來(lái)自較強(qiáng)引力場(chǎng)區(qū)域的光或者其它形式的輻射的波長(zhǎng)會(huì)變長(zhǎng),這種效應(yīng)叫做引力紅移。相反地,當(dāng)觀測(cè)者在較強(qiáng)引力場(chǎng)區(qū)域觀測(cè)時(shí),來(lái)自于較弱引力場(chǎng)區(qū)域的光或者其它形式的輻射的波長(zhǎng)會(huì)變短,這種效應(yīng)叫做引力藍(lán)移。引力紅移和引力藍(lán)移統(tǒng)稱為引力頻移。本文研究了幾種引力場(chǎng)中的引力頻移現(xiàn)象：(1)在Schwarzschild引力場(chǎng)中,我們研究了其引力紅移,所得到的結(jié)果與對(duì)太陽(yáng)的光譜頻率的觀測(cè)到的引力紅移一致；(2)在Reissner-Nordstrom引力場(chǎng)中,我們研究了電荷對(duì)頻移的影響,得到場(chǎng)源所含電荷對(duì)頻移的影響與電荷的正負(fù)無(wú)關(guān)；(3)在Kerr引力場(chǎng)中,我們討論了時(shí)空的角動(dòng)量對(duì)頻移的影響,得到頻移效應(yīng)不僅與場(chǎng)源的質(zhì)量有關(guān),而且與時(shí)空的角動(dòng)量有關(guān)；(4)在引力波時(shí)空中,其頻移是時(shí)間的函數(shù),而且頻移依賴于光信號(hào)在引力波場(chǎng)中的傳播方向。
[Abstract]:Relativistic effect is a very important research field in astrophysics and theoretical physics. The theoretical study of various relativistic effects can help us to explain some astronomical observation phenomena.In this paper, we mainly study two relativistic effects: 1) Doppler effect and 2) the frequency shift of gravity in gravitational field (we call it Doppler effect in curved space.Doppler effect is a phenomenon that the frequency of the wave received by the observer is different from that of the source when the source and the observer are in relative motion.The relativistic Doppler effect is based on the theory of special relativity to study the variation of the frequency (as well as the wavelength) due to the relative motion of the source and the observer.There are many differences between the relativistic Doppler effect and the non-relativistic Doppler effect, whose equation takes into account the time prolongation effect in the special relativity.These equations describe the total difference of observed frequencies and have the Lorentz symmetry required by relativity.We study the Doppler effect of the special relativity and give the general expression of the Doppler effect of the general relativity.In physics, the wavelength of light or other forms of radiation from a stronger gravitational field becomes longer when observers observe it in a region with a weaker gravitational field. This effect is called gravitational redshift.On the contrary, the wavelength of light or other forms of radiation from the weaker gravitational field becomes shorter when the observer observes the region of the stronger gravitational field. This effect is called gravitational blue shift.Gravitational red shift and gravitational blue shift are called gravitational frequency shift.In this paper, we have studied the gravitational frequency shift phenomenon in several gravitational fields: 1) in the Schwarzschild gravitational field, we have studied its gravitational redshift. The results obtained are consistent with the observed gravitational redshift of the solar spectral frequency. (2) in the Reissner-Nordstrom gravitational field,We have studied the effect of charge on frequency shift. We have obtained that the influence of charge in field source on frequency shift is independent of the positive or negative charge. In the Kerr gravitational field, we discuss the influence of angular momentum of space-time on frequency shift.It is obtained that the frequency shift effect is not only related to the mass of the field source, but also to the angular momentum of space-time. In the gravitational wave space-time, the frequency shift is a function of time, and the frequency shift depends on the direction of the light signal propagating in the gravitational wave field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P131

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