本文選題：遙感　切入點(diǎn)：赤道儀　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近幾十年,空間對地觀測得到了長久的發(fā)展,遙感已經(jīng)從早期的探測地球資源的一種手段演變成為一個(gè)完整的學(xué)科,顯示了巨大的社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,未來遙感領(lǐng)域一個(gè)關(guān)于遙感的巨大的國際競爭和空前的國際合作即將形成。月球作為定標(biāo)源具有很多其它定標(biāo)源難以比擬的優(yōu)勢:在地球的所有軌道上都可以觀測,不受大氣影響,雜散光影響降至最低,具有合適的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍,可以直接對比同一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器不同時(shí)刻的觀測數(shù)據(jù)和不同實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器同一時(shí)刻觀測所得的數(shù)據(jù)。當(dāng)前,國外很多機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了長時(shí)間的在軌對月觀測,得到了大量的有效數(shù)據(jù),一個(gè)較為完整的體系已經(jīng)基本形成,但其得到的結(jié)果并沒有對中國開放,而我國相關(guān)方向的研究基本為零。因此,開展在軌對月觀測具有極其重大的必要性及意義,而開展地基對月觀測就是為在軌對月觀測奠定基礎(chǔ)。開展地基對月觀測的基礎(chǔ)就是能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對月球的長時(shí)間連續(xù)跟蹤,目前,國內(nèi)外實(shí)現(xiàn)對星體跟蹤觀測普遍采用赤道儀實(shí)現(xiàn),而赤道儀的跟蹤模式往往不能滿足實(shí)驗(yàn)需求,因此,就需要實(shí)現(xiàn)對赤道儀控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)二次開發(fā)。本論文采用Parament-MX+赤道儀搭載光譜儀實(shí)現(xiàn)對月球的長時(shí)間連續(xù)觀測,推算了月球的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,得出了每一時(shí)刻月球相對觀測位置的天頂角和方位角,進(jìn)而推斷出每次旋轉(zhuǎn)赤緯軸、赤經(jīng)軸的角度。引入了PID控制算法,分析了傳統(tǒng)算法的不足,引入了神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),設(shè)計(jì)了基于BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的PID算法,并進(jìn)行了仿真。通過運(yùn)動(dòng)控制卡實(shí)現(xiàn)了對赤道儀的較為精確的控制,使其能夠很好地對月球進(jìn)行長時(shí)間連續(xù)跟蹤,并能以實(shí)驗(yàn)要求方式實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。進(jìn)行了大量的外場實(shí)驗(yàn),介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)的操作流程及實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng),驗(yàn)證了多次跟蹤中月球沒有走出探測器視場,并且很好地實(shí)現(xiàn)了對月球表面的掃描,驗(yàn)證了跟蹤精度完全滿足實(shí)驗(yàn)需求。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, space Earth observation has been developed for a long time. Remote sensing has evolved from an early means of detecting the earth's resources into a complete discipline, showing great social and economic benefits. A great international competition and unprecedented international cooperation in the field of remote sensing in the future is about to take shape. The Moon as a calibration source has many unparalleled advantages over other calibration sources: observable in all orbits of the Earth. Free from atmospheric influence, stray light is minimized and has a suitable dynamic range. It can directly compare the observation data of the same experimental instrument at different times and the data obtained from different experimental instruments at the same time. Many foreign institutions have conducted long-term on-orbit observations on the moon and obtained a large number of valid data. A relatively complete system has basically been formed, but the results obtained are not open to China. Therefore, it is of great necessity and significance to carry out on-orbit observation on the moon. The ground-to-moon observation is to lay the foundation for on-orbit lunar observation. The foundation of ground-to-moon observation is to realize the continuous tracking of the moon for a long time. At present, the equatorial instrument is widely used to realize the tracking observation of stars at home and abroad. However, the tracking mode of equator instrument often can not meet the need of experiment, so it is necessary to realize the secondary development of the control system of equator instrument. In this paper, the Parament-MX equator spectrometer is used to realize the continuous observation of the moon for a long time. The motion trajectory of the moon is calculated, and the zenith angle and azimuth angle of the moon relative to the observed position at every moment are obtained, and the angles of each rotation of the red latitude axis and the red longitude axis are inferred. The PID control algorithm is introduced, and the shortcomings of the traditional algorithm are analyzed. This paper introduces neural network, designs PID algorithm based on BP neural network, and simulates it. Through the motion control card, the equator instrument is controlled accurately, which makes it able to track the moon continuously for a long time. A large number of external field experiments have been carried out, the operation flow of the experiment and the matters needing attention in the experiment have been introduced, and it has been verified that the lunar probe has not come out of the field of view in the course of multiple tracking. The scanning of the lunar surface is well realized, and the tracking accuracy is verified to meet the requirements of the experiment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P184.5

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1 崔涌波;月球輻射基準(zhǔn)源地基觀測系統(tǒng)的研究[D];中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所);2015年

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本文編號：1638442